#: locale=en
## Action
### Text to Speech
TextToSpeechBehaviour_B2AE7299_A760_06EF_41DB_65E2D08D9991.text = Next Pano
TextToSpeechBehaviour_31790246_12C5_740A_419A_C19B8BFDFA0B.text = Orient Leftwards
TextToSpeechBehaviour_0F8C7FF4_A560_FE25_419F_67CDD7FBCA5E.text = Orient Leftwards
TextToSpeechBehaviour_300374CD_12C5_1C1E_41B1_03F3EF8E0978.text = Orient backwards
TextToSpeechBehaviour_0F946002_A560_01DD_41D1_E30C4AD033BB.text = Orient backwards
TextToSpeechBehaviour_3178F497_12C5_1C09_419F_4C24FF6E7330.text = Orient frontwards
TextToSpeechBehaviour_0F941002_A560_01DD_41D0_57C6E7C614E3.text = Orient frontwards
TextToSpeechBehaviour_3024FA07_12C7_1409_418D_D9DDE93728EB.text = Orient rightwards
TextToSpeechBehaviour_0F97E003_A560_01E3_41DB_15F4616DD1B4.text = Orient rightwards
TextToSpeechBehaviour_0F94A003_A560_01E3_41E1_A38815C0BB71.text = Previous Pano
TextToSpeechBehaviour_30578C46_12C5_6C0B_417E_D3F3884E9B9A.text = Previous Pano
TextToSpeechBehaviour_5AFF2D8E_4A50_ED0A_41C7_263AA75E4EE0.text = Scott Joplin House State Historic Site \
2658 Delmar Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63103 \
Office Number: 314-340-5790
TextToSpeechBehaviour_0F9A5006_A560_01E5_41BA_2877E056BE4C.text = Scott Joplin House State Historic Site \
2658 Delmar Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63103 \
Office Number: 314-340-5790
### URL
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## Hotspot
### Text
HotspotPanoramaOverlayTextImage_EAEA4B6D_E38E_3177_41ED_5C7A2C828C1A.text = Enter Tour
HotspotPanoramaOverlayTextImage_EB4F3320_E286_52ED_41E2_5B561D0165B5.text = To Cemetery
HotspotPanoramaOverlayTextImage_EB4C88CB_E28A_3FB3_41EB_23AC132BA832.text = To Cemetery
HotspotPanoramaOverlayTextImage_EB4FAE24_E286_72F5_41CD_F2EDB7E91EBB.text = To Mill
HotspotPanoramaOverlayTextImage_7BF0063C_AD60_0E25_41E3_6D34C40C584A.text = To Second Floor
HotspotPanoramaOverlayTextImage_EB672749_E286_72BF_41B3_1CD9C1EEB18B.text = To Third Floor
## Media
### Audio
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audiores_B2F2EC65_A4E0_0227_4197_A6422E06DBEB.mp3Url = media/audio_D4428FBD_A760_1E27_41C5_62F39E61E4F9_en.mp3
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audiores_B2F2FBDD_A4E0_0667_41C0_C0062A554CAA.mp3Url = media/audio_D44A90E9_A760_022F_41D7_AABD2E40C9AD_en.mp3
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audiores_B2F2F3A9_A4E0_062F_41E4_1BA9152DED3B.mp3Url = media/audio_D44E9056_A760_0265_41D8_99C29B07F715_en.mp3
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### Popup Image
### Subtitle
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### Title
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panorama_C90F31F0_9F60_023D_41C8_01B71F2F513E.label = Picking Room
panorama_C90F6D45_9F60_0267_41E1_2F217DE460B2.label = Picking Room
panorama_C914CD85_9F60_02E7_41C2_7EF3DD159E27.label = Reading Room
panorama_C911EDAE_9F60_0225_41CC_0D1A40D92514.label = Sales Room
panorama_C917BA2F_9F60_0623_41D0_C813B735A0A1.label = Sheep Pen
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panorama_C918F2D3_9F60_0663_419A_5EC3D624F132.label = Smoke House
panorama_C91A2988_9F60_02ED_41E0_4EFAFBB012C3.label = Smoke House
panorama_C90C1570_9F60_023D_4199_F3BB06BAB0CF.label = Spinning Area
panorama_EBBB1A40_E18E_52AD_41DE_D8F029FABAF1.label = Summer Kitchen
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HTMLText_688A54FE_31F4_D064_41A1_6F4611596509_mobile.html = CONTACT
Watkins Woolen Mill State Historic Site
26600 Park Road North, Lawson, MO 64062
Office Number: 816-580-3387
CONTACT
Watkins Woolen Mill State Historic Site
26600 Park Road North, Lawson, MO 64062
Office Number: 816-580-3387
A bird eye view of trees, and a field
Shelves line the Stone wall in the dairy cellar, there are various bowls and pots
The corner of the room there are several brooms. There is a cast-iron stove and a window beyond.
a gravel path with trees on either side and a wooden fence on either side
the birds eye view of the tree line
A brick wall with two windows
A large garden with wooden frames surrounding it
A support beam running through the center of the room. On the left are the mats that run the aisle between the machines.
An animal enclosure made of wooden chicken wire. A male turkey can be seen in the fence
An open field ahead a wooden fence surrounding a garden
Brick patio and a gray building across the yard
Double doors open for a very large window, showing the fields across and a red barn
Grassy lawn and then a brick patio behind the house
On the left are a row of machines with various colors of the yarn. Through the center of this room are support beams and on the right hand side of row of machines.
Raised bed gardens with rows, ahead and open path leads to an open gate in the fence
The back of the church leading to the other doorway
The back porch of a brick two-story building there's one step leading up to the deck
The birds eye view of the tree line and fields below
The yard is fenced in by wooden fence an opening in the fence is ahead and behind it a gravel path.
A Birdseye view of the tree line. On the left-hand side a brick four-story mill
A Green hill going up to a gravel path
A Stone wall surrounding small cemetery. A large headstone monument on the left
A barn door half open with a dark pit inside
A bedroom ahead is a sewing machine table behind it. Open closet was several historic clothing items. In the center of the room is a cast-iron stove.
A bedroom with a chest of drawers on the left against the wall and the open doorway leading to the hall
A bird's eye veiw of trees, a road ahead
A bird's eye veiw of trees
A bird's eye veiw of trees
A bird's eye view of a red barn and some fields
A bird's eye view of trees and church down below.
A birds eye view of a gravel path and trees
A birds eye view of the tree line and below the roof of a octagonal building
A black piano is up against the wall and into the corner it is square and has two oil lamps on top
A blue armchair sits to the right of the glass and case bookcase. Behind the chair there is an open door into the entryway. On the far wall under the window is a woven seat.
A brick flooring with a large deck built on the right hand side. An opening is covered with hardware cloth. A large metal pipe runs across the path ahead.
A brick patio in the yard one step below the deck
A cemetery enclosed by a small stone wall a tree in the far corner and several headstones on the left
A chest of drawers is on the left against the wall and has a mirror on top of it. On the right against the wall is a bed with a white and blue checkered quilt.
A chest of drawers with a chair on either side and a small mirror hanging on the wall above
A chest of drawers with the mirror on top on the left, the window ahead has the green shutters closed, and there is a trunk in the corner of the room
A closed and inaccessible door, and piece of machinery to the left of it
A closed inaccessible door leading out to the back patio
A decking area has two steps up to step over it
A dining room with a cast-iron stove on the left, on the right there is a wooden dining table
A doorway bending to the left leading into the room
A doorway bending to the left leading into the room
A doorway leading into the next room, to the right of the door. A giant pile of wool is sitting on the floor.
A doorway leading out to the balcony
A doorway to enter a brick house. There is one stone step into the doorway.
A doorway, bending to the right leading into the school room
A doorway, bending to the right leading into the school room
A field and a wooden fence
A field with a wooden fence ahead on the right is a red barn
A field, a fence and in the distance a brick Church
A field, and in the distance and octagonal school building
A grassy hill leading down to the mill
A gravel path leading back towards the house and sheep pen
A gravel path leads to an opening in the fence ahead a two-story brick house
A gravel path running along the front of the mill
A gravel path with a rough log fence on the left a large tree on the right. Ahead on the left a large brick building, the welcome center
A gravel path with a slight descend to the distance trees on either side and a small wooden fence, and the words To Mill
A gravel path with a wooden fence on either side, and the words To Cemetery
A gray wooden barn with a large opening on the front
A hinged writing desk with a glass enclosed bookcase above it
A large China cabinet with the doors open, inside a set silver teapots, and a China teapot set
A large glass enclosed bookcase has the doors open. There's a small blue armchair next to it.
A large machine is against the wall and has several round wheels along the side
A large machine on the left is the beginning of a row of machines, head is a staircase, leading up to the next floor, and on the right the staircase leading down
A large machine with many different colors of bolts of yarn strung up on it
A large machine with rollers and gears
A large machine, with various colors of wool strung up on bolts in a row
A large metal furnace with doors ajar ahead on the left four steps up to another deck
A large octagonal shaped building
with five steps up to the doorway
A large open field to the right and animal enclosure, the words To Cemetery
A large open room on the left a small counter is supported by turquoise colored barrels, and there are miscellaneous pieces of machinery throughout the room
A large open room with a door ahead on the right hand side against the wall there's a large workshop table
A large open room with various machinery ahead
A large open room, against the far brick wall there are several large windows.
A large piece of wooden cabinet furniture has many white flower sacks hanging out of it
A large piece of wooden cabinet furniture has many white flower sacks hanging out of it
A large piece of wooden machinery with cabinet doors that open, inside there is a large roller and a series of smaller rollers with some cloth
A large room with a wooden floor and several large pieces of machinery in rows
A large table filled with various crates and pots of dye
A large wooden bed is up against the wall on the right hand side
A large wooden decking runs to a wooden structure with an open doorway at the back of the mill
A large wooden piece of machinery in front of a very long wooden cabinetry piece, running along the side of the wall
A large wooden stove is against the wall a fireplace mantle on the wall behind it, the fireplace has been removed. On the left of chest with various items.
A large wooden weaving loom takes up the majority of the room, there is a small bench on the right hand side with baskets of yarn
A large wooden wheel along a brick wall
A large workshop table with various items
A narrow deck plank running along the side of some machinery on the right and a tall brick wall on the left
A narrow decking with one step down onto the brick surface a pipe runs through the path ahead, and there is another step onto the next portion of decking
A piece of machinery in the center of the room with a large wheel window ahead in the brick wall
A pile of filled flower sacks is on a platform in the corner. There are also two barrels stacked on top of each other and various pieces of machinery and tools.
A rough log fence separating brush and trees from the path
A row of machines with conveyor belts on the front and round backs
A row of machines with conveyor belts on the front and rounded back
A rubber mat lines the floor, and a path between machines lined up in a row
A small brick building with the doorway open, three cauldrons are turned upside down onto
bricks arranged in a ring. There is one step up into the doorway
A small stone wall to the right a headstone against the wall it is curved
A small stone walls around the cemetery, a tree is in the corner on the right. Too small headstones ahead
A stone and wooden structure with two sets of doors. The upper set when open show four trays that slide in and out for laying fruit to dry. The bottom side of doors when open show a cavity for making a fire
A stone wall and a small window
A stone wall surrounding two trees on the corners, and headstones in a single row
A stone wall surrounds a cemetery with several trees inside
A table in the entry against the wall
A table in the entry against the wall
A teacher's desk is up on a platform
A teacher's desk is up on a platform
A two-story brick home. White columns line the front porch, there are two steps leading up to the front door
A wall cemetery is on the right ahead is an open grassy yard leading down to the gravel path
A wall next to the doorway of the front of the mill. There are various items along the wall, including a barrel and a large wooden structure, holding a muslin cloth.
A window ahead in the brick wall, on the left is a large wooden piece of equipment
A window on the wall and pews starting on the right
A window with sheer curtains is to the left of a mantle with no fireplace. There are several images of young women on it
A wooden Structure with brick flooring attached to the mill
A wooden bed with a large quilt with triangular colored shapes, an open closet behind it
A wooden deck runs along the side of the mill. There's one step down to the gravel path.
A wooden structure with brick flooring lines the backside of the mill, an open doorway ahead, leads to decking, running along the side
A wooden structure with brick flooring, a pile of logs in the left corner
A yard is lined with a rough fence with posts and a chain running between them
A yard surrounded with fence posts
Ahead a narrow path leading into the doorway of the next room, on the left two barrels
Ahead a wooden fence and a gate
Ahead an open field, and a house can be seen in the distance
Ahead is a yard with a large mature tree, and the distance a garden surrounded by a wooden fence
Ahead on the left is a small staircase, leading down straight. an open doorway leading to the next bedroom
Along the side of the mill, there is a Millstone sitting in the grass, at the back of the mill there's an wooden structure with an open doorway
An aisle down two rows of pews.
An open doorway in a wooden structure with brick flooring
An open doorway in stone walls with a brick floor
An open doorway leading back into the dining room, to the left is a small chair with a quilt
An open doorway leading back to the entry
An open doorway leading into a bedroom
An open doorway leading into a bedroom
An open doorway leading into the next room, on the right, there are several belts and machinery on a workshop bench
An open doorway leading out of the mill, on the left, a large piece of machinery with a wheel and a belt running across it
An open doorway with one step up into the threshold leading to the side of the mill
An open grassy area ahead, dense brush, and trees
An open grassy area on the left is a small white wooden shed
An open yard a small tree on the right and a wooden fence with an opening to the right of the tree.
An open yard leading to the gravel path.
An open yard with a single tree in the center. In the distance a gray building can be seen
An opening in the wooden fence leading to a large open field with white boxes on the left
An ordinately carved wooden bed
Behind a row of raised garden beds is a large framed garden with wooden trellises
Bird's eye view of fields and trees. Below on the right hand side is a red four-story mill
Bird's eye view of the trees and fields
Birdseye view of the front of a two-story brick home
Cast iron stove against the wall and a small end table in the corner with an oil lamp
Cast-iron stove and behind it and mantle on the wall with no fireplace
Front double doors of the brick mill building
Garden with raised beds covered in hardware cloth. Ahead an opening in the wooden fence
Gravel path winds down to the right coming down the hill towards the mill
Hanging smoke meat and an open door
In front of the window is a checkers game set up on a barrel. There are several random machine parts in the windowsill and belts hanging from the ceiling.
In the center of the room is a large dining table set with two oil lamps. A small child's chair is in the corner of the room.
Large piece of machinery ahead is green and has several gears and a belt running up from it
Large piece of machinery from the backside a wheel in the center can be seen with racks
One sheep is slightly further away, eating the grass
One step down into open brick floor room with various flower cloths aligned on the left in a large wooden cabinet
One step leading up to the front door of a two-story brick home. The brown wooden door is very worn
One tree in the left corner inside the Stone wall, a tree in the center of the cemetery and a large head stone monument to the right.
Open doorway leading to the backyard there is a step up over a brick ledge to exit the doorway
Open doorway leading to the hallway
Open doorway leading to the next room on the left
Open field with several mature trees scattered throughout
Raised bed in the garden set in rows.
There is a clear aisle ahead leading to the back of the garden
Raised beds to the right and left with lots of vegitation. In the aisle ahead on the right the young rabbit is eating collard greens
Raised garden beds to the right and left and a clear aisle ahead
Rubber mats line the floor and there are several different machines lined in rows in the room. On the right there are spools of yarn lined with yarn runing up into a frame
Seven sheared sheep are looking straight up at you, you could reach out and pet them.
Several machines are lined in rows ahead, there is an open path
Several pieces of machinery line the left side of the mill and open path on the brick leads to the decking area with one step up onto the wood
Several pieces of machinery, the one in the center is large green and has gears running down the side of it
Several rows of machines are lined in rows
Small stone steps leading up from the path through an opening in the wooden fence
Spools of yarn ahead are large and fluffy and are in a rack that look like cotton candy
Stone steps leading up out of the room lined with stone walls
Stone wall surround the room there are three overturned ceramic vats on the floor
The View from the front of the center row of pews leading to the back of the church
The aisle leading back to the front of the church around the center pews
The altar, with two lamps on top
The area ahead has a step up to enter the next section, on the right there are three barrels along the wall
The back corner of a brick home, two tables are stacked to the left and the white door head. The staircase on the right leading downward is surrounded by a railing.
The back of a wooden barn, a storage box takes up the majority of the room and on the left hanging on the wall are various tools used for ice
The back of the house in the yard surrounded by wooden fence
The back patio of a brick home. A staircase leading down to the basement is a long the wall on the right with a railing surrounding it and two wooden benches.
The back porch leading to a brick summer kitchen. To the right of the door, there is a column, holding up the covered porch.
The back porch leading to a brick summer kitchen. To the right of the door, there is a column, holding up the covered porch.the back porch leading off into the yard is one step, an opening in the fence is ahead.
The birds eye view of a mill with a red roof
The birds eye view of the tree line
The brick patio has a covered section ahead. The roof of the covered patio is connected to an outside kitchen. wood is piled under the overhang as well as some buckets and barrels.
The brick wall of mill, there are several benches against the wall, in the far window. There is a large bell on the windowsill.
The cast-iron stove to the left doorway leading into another bedroom
The cemetery surrounded by a stone wall on the left four small steps ahead lead over the wall. Tombstones and trees scattered throughout
The center of a room is a small end table with several chairs across against the wall. There is a fireplace and a large mantle set with a clock, sever portrait, and flowers. On the left, there is a closed inaccessible door.
The corner of a back porch overlooking the yard and a gray building in the distance
The corner of a brick room
The corner of a room leading into a doorway of an adjacent room
The corner of a stone room
The corner of a wooden pit at ground level there is a stone foundation lining the inside of the icehouse
The corner of the dining room has a doorway leading to the next room, on the right against the wall there's a small chest of drawers
The corner of the front entry has hooks for hanging coats on the wall
The corner of the room has a small rocking chair with a basket on it and a window with sheer curtains
The corner of the room is an open doorway leading to a staircase to the second story
The corner of the wall the paint is peeling and worn
The dining room has a table on the left, across there is a cast-iron stove and straight ahead is a small staircase through a doorway. The wooden steps have been painted blue, it curves up to the left.
The doorway leading back into the second story landing there is one step to enter the doorway
The doorway leading back up to the second story landing
The doorway leading into a bedroom
The doorway leading into another room
The doorway leading out of the summer kitchen has a bench to the left of the door, and hanging rack with homemade brooms, hot pads, and baskets hanging
The doorway to exit the church
The edge of the small Stonewall that's around the cemetery with four small steps along the side to step over the wall
The empty yard is surrounded by a wooden fence
The entryway of the home has a large wooden staircase on the right, ahead is an open doorway
The formal parlor. there is a large wooden framed couch upholstered with gold. A landscape portrait hangs above it and a grandfather clock is in the corner.
The front door of the home is Dark wood with window panes on on either side
The front door of the mill
The front door of the school
The front door of the school
The front entry of the home there is a red rug on the floor, a staircase wraps from left to right. There is a small end table with two portraits, on the left and on the right there is a hat rack.
The front of a church has two doorways, one on the right and left
The front of the porch has two steps leading to a small bricked patio and into an open front yard
The front porch of a brick house, the left side is an open yard with a wooden fence in the distance
The front porch of a brick house. The right side overlooks a gray building in the yard
The front yard is lined on the right with a wooden fence. Several trees are scatter throughout the front yard.
The grassy lawn behind the house and the yard is fenced in by a rough log fence.
The gravel path running along the front of the mill
The inside of a brick building with hanging smoked meats, a barrel and a large fire pit of bricks in the center
The inside of bricks smokehouse, drying racks are on the left and the ladder with hanging meets from the ceiling
The inside of the picker machine and the conveyor belt covered in wool
The inside of the picker machine has black walls, there is wool all over the floor
The inside of the summer kitchen ahead is a large cast-iron stove behind on the wall. There is a large fireplace.
The inside of the summer kitchen has a table up against the window with many pots stored under it. To the right a cabinet with various items.
The inside of the summer kitchen in the corner, there is a cabinet with various items, pots jars, and a washboard
The inside of the wooden barn below ground level has a stone foundation lining the inside of the icehouse
The main entry of the Mill has brick flooring, there is a broom making station with various machinery on the wall across
The mats lead in a path back to the front of the room and there is a large cast-iron stove
The narrow hallway with a staircase on the left that is inaccessible leading up to the next floor, a large window overlooking the summer kitchen on the right
The narrow path ahead leading into the doorway to the next room
The open doorway leading out of the picker machine
The open doorway of the wooden barn
The open doorway to the back porch
The open room ahead has a cavity in the wall on the right hand side, where there is a large vice pressing several pieces of cloth
The open room leading to the front of the mill
The open yard in the distance to the left is the fence with an opening leading back to the house
The opening doorway to exit the icehouse pit into the barn area
The path leading around the large piece of machinery in the center of the room ahead the vice pressing cloth can be seen in the wall
The railing above the staircase
The row leading back to the front of the church around the center pews
The schoolyard is grassy and has various trees
The schoolyard is grassy with trees
The schoolyard is grassy with various trees
The second story landing, and the doorway leading to the balcony. On the left against the wall is a small desk with glass enclosed bookcase on top.
The side of a two-story brick house there are four windows with green shutters
The side of the Mill building on the left has several large windows
The side of the mill building has two large windows and a belt can be seen inside the left one.
The side yard and porch to the right has three steps leading up onto the deck
The small room has a bed on the left, a small crib in the center of the room and a chair in the corner
The staircase leading down on the left, and a double door in the wall is shut.
The stairwell curves down to the left
The stairwell to return downstairs on the right, on the left, the landing to enter the bedroom
The view of the balcony towards the icehouse, the black ornate railing has a repeating pattern
The view of the yard over the balcony
The view off the side of the balcony
The wall of the mill is brick and has several racks leaning up against the wall
The window has a sheer curtain over it light is coming through, but nothing can be seen
The wooden barn has a stone foundation lining the inside of the icehouse pit
The wooden dining table set with chairs and two oil lamps. On the right, a large buffet and across the room, there is an open China cabinet.
The wooden wall of the inside of the picker machine
The yard and wooden fence with an opening in it, to the right the back of a brick building. Around the edge of the building, large cauldrons are turned upside down
The yard has a wooden fence with an opening ahead
The yard leading to the side of a two-story brick house, on the right a small brick building in the yard
There are pupil desks at various angles in rows, and a cast-iron stove against the wall
There are pupil desks at various angles in rows, and a cast-iron stove against the wall
There are pupil desks at various angles in rows, and a cast-iron stove against the wall
There are pupil desks at various angles in rows, and a cast-iron stove against the wall
There are several machines in a row along the wall
There are two doors ahead on the right leading to the dining room and on the left into another bedroom. A small child's chair and table are in the corner.
There is a counter and several shelves behind like a store. Several receipts are tacked up onto the wall, and there is a cloth unrolled on the counter.
There is a fence surrounding the pasture and on the other side, a small gravel path
There's a small end table in the middle of the room and a cast-iron stove. Against the wall, there is a mantle, but no fireplace.
There's a window in the center of the wall on the left with a table and two small chairs on the right the doorway leading to the foyer
They open doorway to the second story landing
Two machines are covered with a white cloth
Two mill stones on either side of a wooden door leading into the mill
Two sheep are turned away, eating the grass
Various farming tools, and a few barrels on the inside of a wooden barn
Various machinery and equipment obstruct the view and a large belt runs along the corner on the right hand side
Very narrow stairwell leading down
White boxes on a wooden frame ahead
White boxes on a wooden frame
Wooden beams wrong up from the ground and a large vat ahead sets on a wooden platform
a machine has a conveyer belt with teeth in the wheel and a pile of wool on the belt
a mat runs along the side of the wall and leads to the next story
an open doorway leading into the next room
in the corner of the room is a machine with a belt runing up diagonally across the room
rows of bolts on a machine with yarn
several arge holes in the decking have metal tubs set into them. An open doorway leads out the back.
several different colors of yarn are rolled into a machine ahead
the Deck leading along the back of the house
the floor is lined with rubber mats between two rows of metal machinery
there is a clear path ahead between machinery and a stack of bolts of yarn on a scale
A cobblestone sidewalk with brick buildings on the right, To the left the curb and in the empty street. Ahead a doorway on the left has a concrete staircase coming out into the center of the sidewalk.
A flight of stairs lie straight ahead leading the viewer down to the first floor. An antique wooden railing is just to the right of these stairs. The walls are blue Click to move forward, tab for more information
A large brown Open Door leading into a hallway just to the left. A door that's open at the end of the hallway. The hallway has two pictures hanging from the walls on the right hand side. as well as two boxes on the ground just beneath those pictures. Click to move forward
A large field of grass with buildings off in the distance
A large field of grass with the brick Scott Joplin building ahead. Click to move forward, tab for more information
A large frosted window with large red painted logo for the Rosebud. tab for more information
A large wooden piano since against a wall between two doors. A small wooden stool and wooden chair sit in front of the piano. To the left of the piano is an open door next to a record player. tab for more information
A long narrow hallway leads towards the left. A short railing lines the hallway on the left hand side. At the end of the hallway are two doors. Straight head is an open doorway leading into another room Click to move forward
A long uneven brick driveway extends ahead with grass on either side lined with telephone poles
A long uneven brick driveway extends ahead with grass on either side.
A narrow balcony with handrails to the right in the brick house to the left. Straight ahead is a window looking into on the rooms inside. tab for more information
A small table with a white tapestry sits between two wooden chairs. On top of the table sits and ornate red glass item. Behind the table is a fireplace. tab for more information
A spacious room with an antique couch sits in the middle of room. Two large windows are straight ahead with her curtains pulled to the side. To the left is a large white door. Click to move forward
A table is set with three chairs around it. Two windows with blue curtains pulled to the side. An antique cupboard with various cooking utensils and supplies sits in the corner of the room. Click to move forward
A view From The Porch Looking Into The Yard below. A handrail sits just in front of you
A wooden piano sits against the wall. It wooden stool is in front of the piano. In the corner of the room straight ahead is an Open Door leading into another smaller room. Click to move forward, tab for more information
Aged brick sidewalk ahead with brick buildings on the left side of the sidewalk. Empty street along the right side of the sidewalk. click to move forward.
Aged brick sidewalk ahead. Brick buildings to the right of sidewalk. Light post ahead on the right side of the sidewalk. Empty street to the left of the sidewalk.
Aged brick sidewalk ahead. Empty Street on the left side of the sidewalk. Brick buildings and a fence line the right side of the sidewalk. click to move forward, tab for more information
Aged brick sidewalk with empty street to the right. Black wrought iron gate sits on top of a white stone curb to the left of the sidewalk. To brick buildings to the left side of the sidewalk.
An antique dresser with a mirror of it. To the left of the dresser is a large window with the curtains open. To the right of the dresser is an Open Door leading into another room. tab for more information
An antique piano is just a head to write the piano is an antique record player. On the wall are three framed panels with various images significant to musical history. tab for more information
An archway just to the left leads in to another part of this room with two rows of chairs lined up. Straight ahead mounts on a wall is a work of art. tab for more information
And Open Door leading into a blue hallway. To the left of the door is a set of hooks holding a hat and a coat. Click to move forward
And antique cupboard with various cooking utensils and supplies sits in the corner of the room with a window on either side of it
And open doorway leading into the hallway. Just to the right of the doorway is the corner of the room. Click to move forward
Antique stove just to the right with various antique cast iron items. Straight ahead is a window with blue curtains pulled. tab for more information
Archway leading into a large room with tan walls and wood floors. Various display cases line the walls with a wooden piano off and to the left. click to move forward
Archway leads into a hallway with tan walls wooden floors. At the end of the hall is a white door. To the right are two doorways. To the left and the very end of the hall is another doorway. click to move forward.
Blue hallway the small section of the wall coming out a little bit. Straight ahead to the corner of the room hangs a small wooden frame with the picture in it below the image sits a wooden chest. tab for more information
Blue walls to the left. Open white Doorway to the right leading into a long hallway. At the end of the hallway is an open door with two small Windows above it
Brick building with arch entry way ahead, tall white door sits at the top of four stone steps. Click to move forward. Tab for more information.
Brick patio with small patch of grass ahead, enclosed by a black wrought iron fence to the left and brick building to the right. Four white stone step to the right of the patio
Closed white door with a small sign that says private on it. To the right of the door is a section of small Windows looking into the other room. To the left of the door is a small framed image.
Corner of a blue hallway with a picture hanging from the wall and a small chest in the corner on the floor.
Corner of room with a chair sitting in the corner. Straight ahead is an open doorway leading into a larger room. Click to move forward
Corner of room with tan pattern wallpaper and a large window with white curtains. To the left is an antique sewing machine. To the right sits a chair against the wall.
Corner of the block, sidewalk continues around the building to the left. A concrete street sign reads Beaumont Street. A black firehydrant is on the corner of the sidewalk to the right of the street pole.
Corner of the room looking at a large white window with a pedestal and a plant in front of it. To the left of the window is an antique sofa. To the right of the window sit an antique shelf holding various items
Corner of the room with a door open
Corner of the room with a door
Corner of the room with a doorway open leading to another smaller room. Just to the right of the door sits an antique pedestal with a plant on top of it in front of a large white window. Click to move forward
Corner of the room with a small antique table and chair. A mirror is mounted on the wall next to a light that comes off the wall. tab for more information
Corner of the room with a window and blue curtains pulled to the side
Corner of the room with an indent in the wall suggesting that there may have been a door there at one time. To the right is a framed photo positioned above an antique sewing machine. tab for more information
Empty Street going from left to right. Across there is an open field. Single light pose on the opposite side of the street along the curb.
Empty street ahead with a grassy lawn across the street.
Empty street going from left to right. Open Green field across the street with a few trees spread out. Single light post across the street along the curb.
Green yard between two brick buildings. Sign in the yard announcing the sites name. Enclosed by a black wrought iron gate and fence.
In the corner of the room is a small green closet storing various antique items
Just to the left sits an antique table with three chairs. Ahead and the corner of the room is an antique stove. To the left of the stove is a window with curtains drawn. To the right of the stove is an open door. Click to move forward, tab for more information
Large open area with an antique chair and footrest just to the left and middle of the room. Mounted panels hang on the wall with various historical images. A large Archway just to the right leading into another part of this large room.
Large open room with tan walls and wooden floors. Square glass display case in middle of the open room showing images and various artifacts. Large arched doorway to the right. Click to move forward.
Long hallway leads ahead to a white door in the distance. To the right is a series of framed images on the wall. To the left is a opening into another area. click to move forward
Long narrow path of the porch Looking Over the yard below. The handrail sits to the right of the porch and the exterior brick of the house to the left. Click to move forward
Narrow grass pathway with plants on either side sits between a black wrought iron gate to the right and a brick building to the left. Path leading to bigger grass area ahead.
Narrow hallway leading to white door. Medium window in the middle of the door and above the door. Tan and white wall to the right with a fire alarm on the wall.
Narrow hallway with tan walls and wooden floors that lead to a white door at the end of the hallway. Two small windows are above the door. To the right is a series of windows that look into another room.
Narrow porch with a handrail to left and brick building to the right. Click to move forward
Open Door leading into a room inside the house. Click to move forward
Open door leads into a room. Inside the room and two left is two rows of chairs. Straight inside the room is a piano with a bench. At the end of the room until the left is a door. Click to move forward
Open door looking into long narrow blue hallway. Click to move forward
Open doorway leading in to room with various antique furniture. Click to move forward
Open doorway leading to a balcony that looks over the yard. Click to move forward
Open doorway leading to long hallway with tan walls and wooden floors. Inside the hallway into the right is an open door that leads to another room. Inside the hallway and just to left is a door that leads into a closet. Click to move forward
Open doorway looking into a room. To the left of the doorway is an antique chair. Click to move forward
Open doorway to the left leads into a small room with chair in the corner. To the right is an open doorway leading into a medium room with various antique furniture. Click to move forward
Open doorway to the right leading into large open room with white walls. Fire alarm and light switch sit just to the left of the doorway on the wall. Click to move forward
Open room with tan walls and hardwood floors. Two chandeliers hanging from the ceiling above. Wooden bookcase to the right against the wall. Display case to the left against the wall. Click to move forward
Straight Ahead against the wall is an antique dresser with a mirror above it. To the right of the dresser is an open Green Door. To the left of the dresser is a large window with white curtains. Click to move forward, tab for more information
Straight Ahead sets an antique piano to left that piano is a record player till after the record player is another antique piano. On the wall mounted three panels of images documenting music history.
Straight ahead and to the corner of the room is an open doorway leading into a hallway just to the left of the doorway sits an antique record player against the wall. Click to move forward, tab for more information
Straight ahead are two rows of chairs lined up facing the opposite side of the room. It wouldn't piano sits in the corner of the room. A window sits straight ahead with the curtains pulled to the side.
Straight ahead into the corner of the room is a bed with the colorful bedding. Above the bed has a white frame with an angel in it.
Straight ahead is a blank blue wall with some damage to the paint.
Straight ahead is a large window with curtains drawn across it. Just to the left is an antique sink. tab for more information
Straight ahead is a long narrow hallway. To the right is a set of steps leading up stairs. To the left is a doorway leading to another room. Click to move forward
Straight ahead is a medium window with the curtains drawn. To the right of the window is a mounted fire alarm on the wall. An antique piano is in the corner to the right.
Straight ahead is a table with an antique chairs on either side of it. This table is positioned in front of a fireplace with a clock above it. To the right is an Open Door leading into another room. Click to move forward, tab for more information
Straight ahead is an Open Door leading into a blue hallway to the left is another Open Door leading in to another room. To the right is a bed with the chest at the foot of the bed. Click to move forward, tab for more information
Straight ahead is an open door leading into a long hallway. To the left mounted on the wall is a light. Click to move forward
Straight ahead stands a wardrobe with and outfit inside. To the left is a brown and tan fireplace. Above the fireplace hangs a small framed image.
Straight head is a large wooden cabinet with an antique tool resting on top of it. A green shelf is mounted on the wall with an antique tool resting on top of the Shelf.
Straight head is a light blue and white wall with a closed door just to the right.
Straight head is an Open Door leaning into another room. To the left is a bed. To the right is a small table with two chairs facing a fireplace. Click to move forward
Strait ahead is a long hallway with blue walls an a floral rug. To the right is a wooden handrail. To the left is an open door leading into another room. Click to move forward
Sure your head is the corner of the room with a bad position in it. Just to the left is a window with the curtains drawn. tab for more information
Tan room with large open doorway to the left. Doorway leads to another large open room. Ahead is positioned three chairs against the wall. To the right is a wire rack holding various cards
Tan walls ahead with a wooden piano to the left. Small round portrait hands above the piano. Images hang from the wall ahead and to the right. Tab for more information.
The brick wall of the exterior of the house
To left is a open doorway leading to a small room straight ahead is an open doorway leading to a small room with chairs and a table. tab for more information
To the left is an Open Door leading into another room to the right is the corner of the room where a bed is positioned in it. Click to move forward
To the left is an antique piano. Straight ahead is a large white door opened up. Just to the right of that door is a set of small Windows looking into another room. Click to move forward, tab for more information
To the right is an open doorway leading into a small room to the left is another open doorway leading to a small bedroom. Click to move forward, tab for more information
Two rows of chairs are lined up just to the left of the viewer. Straight head is a white door with two small Windows above it. There is a medium size window to both sides of the door. And exit sign hangs from the ceiling just in front of the door. Click to move forward
Two rows of chairs are lined up just the right of the viewer. A door sits open at the end of the room straight ahead. Various antique pianos line the walls of the room. Click to move forward
Two rows of chairs line up just the left of the viewer. A medium size window is just a head with the curtains drawn back. To the right is a white door with two small Windows above it. There is an exit sign from the ceiling above the door. A fire alarm hangs from the wall just to the right of the door.
Two white stone steps leading up to the front porch of a brick building. At the top of the two steps is a black wrought iron gate and fence.
View From The Porch Looking Into The Yard below. A handrail is ahead. Click to move forward
View from balcony looking into the yard below. A handrail sits just in front of you
White wooden door with two small windows above it. A fire extinguisher hangs just to the right of the door. To the right of the door is a opening leading to another room. To the left of the door is a section of Windows looking into an office.
Wood paneling to the left, To the right is an open Doorway to a small room with tan walls and wooden floors. Click to move forward
Wooden paneling part of the wall to the right. To the left wraps around a wooden handrail looking over a stairwell.
Wrought iron fence with opening straight ahead. Two steps go down to an aged brick sidewalk going from left to right. Empty street ahead with open field on the opposite side of street. Click to move forward.
Watkins Woolen Mill State Historic Site
House Details
• Square Feet: 5,500
• Rooms: 14
• Privy (Outhouse): 6-hole
• Fireplaces: 2, plus 7 wood-burning stoves
• Stories: 2.5 (plus a 6-room cellar)
• Years Built: 1850 to 1854
• Original Power Source: Wood-burning stoves and oil lamps
• Materials: Site-fired brick, with locally sourced limestone foundation, oak and walnut fixtures
Mill Details
• Square Feet: 17,305
• Stories: 3.5
• Year Built: 1860
• Cost: Approx. $30,000 (including mill equipment)
• Materials: Site-fired bricks and wood
• Original power source: Wood-fired steam engine
Watkins Woolen Mill State Historic Site
House Details
• Square Feet: 5,500
• Rooms: 14
• Privy (Outhouse): 6-hole
• Fireplaces: 2, plus 7 wood-burning stoves
• Stories: 2.5 (plus a 6-room cellar)
• Years Built: 1850 to 1854
• Original Power Source: Wood-burning stoves and oil lamps
• Materials: Site-fired brick, with locally sourced limestone foundation, oak and walnut fixtures
Mill Details
• Square Feet: 17,305
• Stories: 3.5
• Year Built: 1860
• Cost: Approx. $30,000 (including mill equipment)
• Materials: Site-fired bricks and wood
• Original power source: Wood-fired steam engine
Fruit Dryhouse
Waltus Watkins had extensive apple, pear, peach and apricot orchards, and grew cherries and grapes. He planted 35 kinds of pears and an unknown number of apple varieties. Some of these were for eating fresh, while others were winter keepers and wrapped in paper or straw, then stored in barrels in the cellar. The damaged and windfall fruits were processed in the fruit dryhouse. In preparation for drying, the fruit was peeled, cored and sliced, then laid on the trays. Under the trays, in the bottom pit, low-smolder coals were topped with sulfur to deter insects and prevent the fruit from browning. After the trays were filled, the house was closed and the fruit left to dry for one to two days.
Fruit Dryhouse
Waltus Watkins had extensive apple, pear, peach and apricot orchards, and grew cherries and grapes. He planted 35 kinds of pears and an unknown number of apple varieties. Some of these were for eating fresh, while others were winter keepers and wrapped in paper or straw, then stored in barrels in the cellar. The damaged and windfall fruits were processed in the fruit dryhouse. In preparation for drying, the fruit was peeled, cored and sliced, then laid on the trays. Under the trays, in the bottom pit, low-smolder coals were topped with sulfur to deter insects and prevent the fruit from browning. After the trays were filled, the house was closed and the fruit left to dry for one to two days.
Fulling, Step 8
After weaving, the fulling process cleaned and tightened, or felted, the fabric’s weave. The main components in the fulling process are lubrication, agitation and heat. First, a mill worker spread soap paste on the cloth to provide lubrication, then put it into the fulling machine where rollers and flaps create the agitation, and the agitation generated heat through friction. Fulling took a great amount of skill, experience and judgment learned through years spent as an apprentice. If the worker applied too much soap the fabric would not properly felt, if they applied too little the fabric became weak and if it over-dried, the soap and dirt could permanently bind to the fabric.
Fulling, Step 8
After weaving, the fulling process cleaned and tightened, or felted, the fabric’s weave. The main components in the fulling process are lubrication, agitation and heat. First, a mill worker spread soap paste on the cloth to provide lubrication, then put it into the fulling machine where rollers and flaps create the agitation, and the agitation generated heat through friction. Fulling took a great amount of skill, experience and judgment learned through years spent as an apprentice. If the worker applied too much soap the fabric would not properly felt, if they applied too little the fabric became weak and if it over-dried, the soap and dirt could permanently bind to the fabric.
Garden
Family letters reveal that the Watkinses grew an assortment of fruits, vegetables, herbs and flowers; including peas, beans, beets, onions, cabbage, tomatoes, lettuce, sweet potatoes, parsnips, mustard, radishes, asparagus, watermelons, cucumbers, strawberries, currents, grapes and raspberries. Today we consider the varieties of plants they grew as heirlooms. While no direct records exist, it is thought that the Watkins’ garden had both raised beds and open plots with a border of flowers and herbs, a common 19th century design. During this time, before modern medical practices, herbs were used for both cooking and medicine. At one point, Waltus Watkins even studied “botanic medicine.”
Garden
Family letters reveal that the Watkinses grew an assortment of fruits, vegetables, herbs and flowers; including peas, beans, beets, onions, cabbage, tomatoes, lettuce, sweet potatoes, parsnips, mustard, radishes, asparagus, watermelons, cucumbers, strawberries, currents, grapes and raspberries. Today we consider the varieties of plants they grew as heirlooms. While no direct records exist, it is thought that the Watkins’ garden had both raised beds and open plots with a border of flowers and herbs, a common 19th century design. During this time, before modern medical practices, herbs were used for both cooking and medicine. At one point, Waltus Watkins even studied “botanic medicine.”
Gristmill
Around 1849, Waltus Watkins installed an animal-powered gristmill on his farm, and during the 1860s, he moved it into the wool mill to take advantage of the steam power. Due to the large size of the machinery, a section of the floor was removed to provide an additional 18” of space and a hand-hewn beam installed to brace the remaining brick flooring. Miller William Reed, managed the gristmill with two helpers. They ground wheat and corn into flour and meal, and charged customers a miller’s eighth, or one-eighth of the flour produced. Toward the end of the 19th century, large commercial roller mills began to replace small local mills and in 1905, the Watkins gristmill ceased operations.
Gristmill
Around 1849, Waltus Watkins installed an animal-powered gristmill on his farm, and during the 1860s, he moved it into the wool mill to take advantage of the steam power. Due to the large size of the machinery, a section of the floor was removed to provide an additional 18” of space and a hand-hewn beam installed to brace the remaining brick flooring. Miller William Reed, managed the gristmill with two helpers. They ground wheat and corn into flour and meal, and charged customers a miller’s eighth, or one-eighth of the flour produced. Toward the end of the 19th century, large commercial roller mills began to replace small local mills and in 1905, the Watkins gristmill ceased operations.
Scouring, Step 2
After willowing, workers scoured, or washed, the wool in a mixture of hot water and alkali soap to remove the natural oils and dirt. To scour the wool, workers put it on wooden racks and gently sloshed it up and down in the wash vats. This process was repeated with fresh wash solution several times until the wool was clean. The wool was then laid out on the wooden drying platform outside of the mill to dry.
Scouring, Step 2
After willowing, workers scoured, or washed, the wool in a mixture of hot water and alkali soap to remove the natural oils and dirt. To scour the wool, workers put it on wooden racks and gently sloshed it up and down in the wash vats. This process was repeated with fresh wash solution several times until the wool was clean. The wool was then laid out on the wooden drying platform outside of the mill to dry.
Smoke House
A smoke house is a small structure specifically used to smoke and cure meat, usually pork. Besides adding flavor, salt-curing and smoking remove moisture and act as antimicrobial agents to help preserve meat without refrigeration. First, the raw meat was rubbed with salt and then packed in large wooden barrels, boxes or tubs. The Watkinses used a 12-foot sycamore log hollowed out with an open top and wooden plank ends for salting meat. After the meat had ‘taken salt’, it was hung from the rafters, and then exposed to indirect heat and smoke for several days. After smoking, the meat was packed back into the tubs with dry ashes or salt. The Watkinses preferred to use ashes to store their hams because of the flavor it gave them, as well as protecting them from rodents and insects. Each winter the family butchered 80-100 hogs, making the smoke house an essential part of the farm and business.
Smoke House
A smoke house is a small structure specifically used to smoke and cure meat, usually pork. Besides adding flavor, salt-curing and smoking remove moisture and act as antimicrobial agents to help preserve meat without refrigeration. First, the raw meat was rubbed with salt and then packed in large wooden barrels, boxes or tubs. The Watkinses used a 12-foot sycamore log hollowed out with an open top and wooden plank ends for salting meat. After the meat had ‘taken salt’, it was hung from the rafters, and then exposed to indirect heat and smoke for several days. After smoking, the meat was packed back into the tubs with dry ashes or salt. The Watkinses preferred to use ashes to store their hams because of the flavor it gave them, as well as protecting them from rodents and insects. Each winter the family butchered 80-100 hogs, making the smoke house an essential part of the farm and business.
Steam Engine and Boiler
In the 1860, Waltus purchased a custom-made steam engine from the Washington Foundry in St. Louis and a 30-foot boiler salvaged from a sunken steamboat, to power his woolen mill, sawmill and gristmill. Because of the weight of the boiler, workers transported it to Watkins Mill during the winter via ox-driven sleds, so it would easily glide over the frozen ground. In order to run the mill, workers burned wood in the firebox, which heated the boiler water and produced high-pressure steam. The steam went into the engine where pistons turned the 16-foot flywheel and the connected main drive shaft and main line pulley. The main line shaft transferred the engine’s power to the main line pulley, which transferred the power to several pulleys that activated machines on the first, second and third floors. At 60 horsepower, the engine produced enough power to operate the mill’s machines.
Steam Engine and Boiler
In the 1860, Waltus purchased a custom-made steam engine from the Washington Foundry in St. Louis and a 30-foot boiler salvaged from a sunken steamboat, to power his woolen mill, sawmill and gristmill. Because of the weight of the boiler, workers transported it to Watkins Mill during the winter via ox-driven sleds, so it would easily glide over the frozen ground. In order to run the mill, workers burned wood in the firebox, which heated the boiler water and produced high-pressure steam. The steam went into the engine where pistons turned the 16-foot flywheel and the connected main drive shaft and main line pulley. The main line shaft transferred the engine’s power to the main line pulley, which transferred the power to several pulleys that activated machines on the first, second and third floors. At 60 horsepower, the engine produced enough power to operate the mill’s machines.
Watkins Family Home
In 1839, Waltus and Mary Ann Watkins moved from Liberty, Missouri, to their newly purchased 80 acres of mixed timber and grassland. They built and lived in a small two-room log cabin. The cabin stood just north of the current house, and according to the 1850 Census, the family consisted of Waltus’ mother Jane, their five children, three enslaved workers and a 22-year-old laborer. In 1850, Waltus began construction of an impressive Greek-revival style house for his family. The house was built with locally sourced timber and brick fired on-site.
Watkins Family Home
In 1839, Waltus and Mary Ann Watkins moved from Liberty, Missouri, to their newly purchased 80 acres of mixed timber and grassland. They built and lived in a small two-room log cabin. The cabin stood just north of the current house, and according to the 1850 Census, the family consisted of Waltus’ mother Jane, their five children, three enslaved workers and a 22-year-old laborer. In 1850, Waltus began construction of an impressive Greek-revival style house for his family. The house was built with locally sourced timber and brick fired on-site.
Sewing Machine
This 1878 Wheeler & Wilson sewing machine was most likely the one that Mary Ann or Carrie purchased in 1883. Being a proficient sewer took a lot of skill, practice and patience, and keeping a large family clothed and house furnished with linens, required a lot of sewing. In a family letter from Kate to her mother Mary Ann, Kate asked her mother for a nice dress for her final college exams. Since Kate gave her exams orally, in front of her classmates and the school board, she wanted to look her best for the occasion. Kate ended the letter by bluntly reminding her mother to “not make dresses too short, this time.”
Sewing Machine
This 1878 Wheeler & Wilson sewing machine was most likely the one that Mary Ann or Carrie purchased in 1883. Being a proficient sewer took a lot of skill, practice and patience, and keeping a large family clothed and house furnished with linens, required a lot of sewing. In a family letter from Kate to her mother Mary Ann, Kate asked her mother for a nice dress for her final college exams. Since Kate gave her exams orally, in front of her classmates and the school board, she wanted to look her best for the occasion. Kate ended the letter by bluntly reminding her mother to “not make dresses too short, this time.”
Bee Hives
The Watkinses kept hives of honeybees. Bees played an essential role on the Watkins farm as pollinators for the large peach, pear and apple orchards. Beeswax was used in sealants, lubricants, medicines, polishes, as well as the ubiquitous candles. In 1860, the Watkins’ bees produced 300 pounds of honey that the family consumed and sold.
Bee Hives
The Watkinses kept hives of honeybees. Bees played an essential role on the Watkins farm as pollinators for the large peach, pear and apple orchards. Beeswax was used in sealants, lubricants, medicines, polishes, as well as the ubiquitous candles. In 1860, the Watkins’ bees produced 300 pounds of honey that the family consumed and sold.
Books
The Watkins family collected a number of books ranging in topics from algebra to phrenology. Waltus valued education and enjoyed reading. Family history indicates that the Watkins family would gather in the family parlor, also known as the “reading room” with its bright east and south facing windows and fireplace, to read and discuss events of the day.
Books
The Watkins family collected a number of books ranging in topics from algebra to phrenology. Waltus valued education and enjoyed reading. Family history indicates that the Watkins family would gather in the family parlor, also known as the “reading room” with its bright east and south facing windows and fireplace, to read and discuss events of the day.
Carding, Step 5
The carding process was carried out through a series of machines that detangled and aligned the individual fibers in preparation for spinning. Each carding engine had a main and several small cylinders, wrapped in carding cloth, or leather strips densely covered with short, bent wire teeth. When the wool went through the machine, individual fibers caught on the wires separating and straightening them. This process produced a long, fluffy strand of wool called roving that workers wound on large spindles and transferred to the spinning jacks.
Carding, Step 5
The carding process was carried out through a series of machines that detangled and aligned the individual fibers in preparation for spinning. Each carding engine had a main and several small cylinders, wrapped in carding cloth, or leather strips densely covered with short, bent wire teeth. When the wool went through the machine, individual fibers caught on the wires separating and straightening them. This process produced a long, fluffy strand of wool called roving that workers wound on large spindles and transferred to the spinning jacks.
China Cabinet
This built-in, asymmetrical china cabinet is a unique feature of the house that uses the extra space under the stairs. It is the only woodwork in the house made of cherry and contains some of the Watkins’ original china. The pieces with a gold band around the edge, known as the “Wedding Band” pattern, are reminiscent of some broken china found during excavations at the site.
China Cabinet
This built-in, asymmetrical china cabinet is a unique feature of the house that uses the extra space under the stairs. It is the only woodwork in the house made of cherry and contains some of the Watkins’ original china. The pieces with a gold band around the edge, known as the “Wedding Band” pattern, are reminiscent of some broken china found during excavations at the site.
Coal-Burning Stove
Cast-iron stoves served as a cooking appliance and source of heat. The stove’s design concentrated the heat for cooking and came equipped with a temperature gauge. This particular stove is made to burn coal, which burned longer than wood and was readily available in the area, from Illinois mines. Companies delivered coal directly into the basement, through the coal shoot, and residents shoveled the coal into a chamber inside the stove and later emptied it to remove the ash. While an effective source of heat, coal burning also has negative environmental effects, which compelled the City of St. Louis to pass the first smoke ordinance in 1867 to minimize the air pollution. For decades the city struggled with air quality, even experiencing a black out in 1939. During the 1940s, the development of centralized, alternative power sources largely eliminated the need for individual coal-burning stoves.
Coal-Burning Stove
Cast-iron stoves served as a cooking appliance and source of heat. The stove’s design concentrated the heat for cooking and came equipped with a temperature gauge. This particular stove is made to burn coal, which burned longer than wood and was readily available in the area, from Illinois mines. Companies delivered coal directly into the basement, through the coal shoot, and residents shoveled the coal into a chamber inside the stove and later emptied it to remove the ash. While an effective source of heat, coal burning also has negative environmental effects, which compelled the City of St. Louis to pass the first smoke ordinance in 1867 to minimize the air pollution. For decades the city struggled with air quality, even experiencing a black out in 1939. During the 1940s, the development of centralized, alternative power sources largely eliminated the need for individual coal-burning stoves.
Dairy Cellar
The basement, or cellar, under the Watkins house is divided into two sections with separate exterior entrances; a two-room cellar on the north and a six-room cellar on the south. Cellars stay cool during the summer and warm during the winter and, in a time before refrigerators, were used to store and help preserve perishable foods. The Watkinses stored fruits, vegetables, jams and other foods in the south root cellar. The smaller north dairy cellar was used to chill milk and store dairy products. The load-bearing limestone wall between them helped prevent the dairy products in the north cellar from absorbing unsavory odors from other foods in the south cellar. In 1860, the farm kept 12 milking cows and produced 500 pounds of butter and 50 pounds of cheese. By 1880, the herd numbered about 550 cattle; over a third of them milk cows, and the Watkinses sold about 200 animals a year.
Dairy Cellar
The basement, or cellar, under the Watkins house is divided into two sections with separate exterior entrances; a two-room cellar on the north and a six-room cellar on the south. Cellars stay cool during the summer and warm during the winter and, in a time before refrigerators, were used to store and help preserve perishable foods. The Watkinses stored fruits, vegetables, jams and other foods in the south root cellar. The smaller north dairy cellar was used to chill milk and store dairy products. The load-bearing limestone wall between them helped prevent the dairy products in the north cellar from absorbing unsavory odors from other foods in the south cellar. In 1860, the farm kept 12 milking cows and produced 500 pounds of butter and 50 pounds of cheese. By 1880, the herd numbered about 550 cattle; over a third of them milk cows, and the Watkinses sold about 200 animals a year.
Dyeing, Step 3
After washing and drying, the loose wool was ready for dyeing. Traditionally dyers used pigments derived from roots, leaves, flowers and insects. In the mid-19th century, the invention of synthetic, aniline dyes provided manufactures with a large variety of color options. The original dye recipe book of William Waers, the Watkins Mill dyer, contains 154 dye and related recipes. Some of the recipes are William’s own creations, while others came from different mills and dyers. The wool could be dyed after cleaning and before processing, or after being processed into yarn or fabric. Today, dye containers and ingredients still fill the tables and shelves in the finishing room.
Dyeing, Step 3
After washing and drying, the loose wool was ready for dyeing. Traditionally dyers used pigments derived from roots, leaves, flowers and insects. In the mid-19th century, the invention of synthetic, aniline dyes provided manufactures with a large variety of color options. The original dye recipe book of William Waers, the Watkins Mill dyer, contains 154 dye and related recipes. Some of the recipes are William’s own creations, while others came from different mills and dyers. The wool could be dyed after cleaning and before processing, or after being processed into yarn or fabric. Today, dye containers and ingredients still fill the tables and shelves in the finishing room.
Enslaved Laborers
Raising, harvesting and processing livestock, crops and produce were seasonal tasks that took time and hard work. The Watkins family, along with their hired farmhands and enslaved laborers, made the farm successful, although the enslaved workers never profited from it. Frequently, hired farmhands and mill workers boarded at the Watkins house, but it remains unknown where the enslaved peoples lived, how many Waltus may have rented and specifically what tasks they carried out. On Sept. 1, 1863, Kate Watkins wrote about seven enslaved individuals, stating “we had 2 women and 3 men hired, they left and Lucinda and Ben went with them.” Human enslavement was a common practice in Clay County and several other counties along the Missouri River. In 1860, about 27% of the Clay County population was enslaved. After Missouri freed all peoples and banned human enslavement in 1865, the Watkins family hired Black workers and began financially compensating them for their time.
Enslaved Laborers
Raising, harvesting and processing livestock, crops and produce were seasonal tasks that took time and hard work. The Watkins family, along with their hired farmhands and enslaved laborers, made the farm successful, although the enslaved workers never profited from it. Frequently, hired farmhands and mill workers boarded at the Watkins house, but it remains unknown where the enslaved peoples lived, how many Waltus may have rented and specifically what tasks they carried out. On Sept. 1, 1863, Kate Watkins wrote about seven enslaved individuals, stating “we had 2 women and 3 men hired, they left and Lucinda and Ben went with them.” Human enslavement was a common practice in Clay County and several other counties along the Missouri River. In 1860, about 27% of the Clay County population was enslaved. After Missouri freed all peoples and banned human enslavement in 1865, the Watkins family hired Black workers and began financially compensating them for their time.
Franklin Academy
As a member of the local school board, Waltus Watkins managed the construction of this octagonal brick schoolhouse, which operated under the Franklin School District until 1870 when the public school system was established. Completed in 1856, at the cost of $2,200, Phrenologist Orson Fowler inspired its shape with his theory that octagonal schoolhouses provided better lighting, ventilation and proximity to the teacher, thus creating a better learning environment. During its operation, the school generally had 45 to 49 students ranging from six to 22-years-old, including at least five of the nine Watkins children and many children from families that Waltus employed. In 1878, Waltus purchased the property, divided it into five rooms and used it as living quarters for his employees and their families.
Franklin Academy
As a member of the local school board, Waltus Watkins managed the construction of this octagonal brick schoolhouse, which operated under the Franklin School District until 1870 when the public school system was established. Completed in 1856, at the cost of $2,200, Phrenologist Orson Fowler inspired its shape with his theory that octagonal schoolhouses provided better lighting, ventilation and proximity to the teacher, thus creating a better learning environment. During its operation, the school generally had 45 to 49 students ranging from six to 22-years-old, including at least five of the nine Watkins children and many children from families that Waltus employed. In 1878, Waltus purchased the property, divided it into five rooms and used it as living quarters for his employees and their families.
French Rococo Bed and Eastlake Dresser
The Watkinses enjoyed having guests to their home and, according to family letters, this bedroom housed a steady stream of visiting relatives and friends. Because of the time required for overland travel, generally via horseback and train, it was common for visitors to stay overnight or longer. Family members from Kentucky might be expected to stay for an entire summer. The French Rococo bed is an example of earlier furniture manufacturing when skilled craftsmen hand carved and constructed individual pieces. The Eastlake dresser and nightstand set represents a later period and new era of mass-produced goods.
French Rococo Bed and Eastlake Dresser
The Watkinses enjoyed having guests to their home and, according to family letters, this bedroom housed a steady stream of visiting relatives and friends. Because of the time required for overland travel, generally via horseback and train, it was common for visitors to stay overnight or longer. Family members from Kentucky might be expected to stay for an entire summer. The French Rococo bed is an example of earlier furniture manufacturing when skilled craftsmen hand carved and constructed individual pieces. The Eastlake dresser and nightstand set represents a later period and new era of mass-produced goods.
Gigging, Step 9
Gigging was an optional step in the textile manufacturing process that raised the nap, or surface fibers, on woolen fabric. The gig mill consists of a large revolving drum with 24 metal frames, called flats, which held Fuller’s teasel heads. Fuller’s teasel is a plant native to Europe, characterized by its large, barbed heads, historically used to raise the nap on woolen fabrics. Rollers located at the top and bottom of the gig secured and slowly moved the cloth across the rotating, teasel filled drum.
Gigging, Step 9
Gigging was an optional step in the textile manufacturing process that raised the nap, or surface fibers, on woolen fabric. The gig mill consists of a large revolving drum with 24 metal frames, called flats, which held Fuller’s teasel heads. Fuller’s teasel is a plant native to Europe, characterized by its large, barbed heads, historically used to raise the nap on woolen fabrics. Rollers located at the top and bottom of the gig secured and slowly moved the cloth across the rotating, teasel filled drum.
Icehouse
One of the most important winter activities of the 19th century was collecting and storing ice. Commonly, farms and towns had icehouses that generally consisted of a small building situated on top of a stone-lined pit used to store ice throughout the year. During the winter, large blocks of ice were cut and removed from nearby rivers or ponds, using an ice plow to carve a grid, a chisel or saw to separate the blocks and tongs to move them. Then the blocks were stacked inside of the pit and insulated with straw or sawdust. The Watkins household used the ice to preserve perishable foods, to cool drinks, and likely make cold desserts. On Feb. 4, 1876, Jewell Watkins wrote to his sister Mattie that “I got up enough ice yesterday and the day before to last until November.”
Icehouse
One of the most important winter activities of the 19th century was collecting and storing ice. Commonly, farms and towns had icehouses that generally consisted of a small building situated on top of a stone-lined pit used to store ice throughout the year. During the winter, large blocks of ice were cut and removed from nearby rivers or ponds, using an ice plow to carve a grid, a chisel or saw to separate the blocks and tongs to move them. Then the blocks were stacked inside of the pit and insulated with straw or sawdust. The Watkins household used the ice to preserve perishable foods, to cool drinks, and likely make cold desserts. On Feb. 4, 1876, Jewell Watkins wrote to his sister Mattie that “I got up enough ice yesterday and the day before to last until November.”
Mary Ann Watkins, (1817-1896)
Mary Ann Watkins was born in 1817 in Kentucky to Spencer and Catherine Holloway. At the age of 17, after a six-week courtship, Mary Ann married 28-year-old Waltus Watkins and moved to Missouri. Together the couple had 11 children, two of which did not reach adulthood. While Waltus managed the farm and mill, Mary Ann managed the household, which included raising their children and two foster children, and caring for the garden, poultry, boarders and guests. She also excelled at needlepoint and lace making, and was a charter member of the Mount Vernon Baptist Church. In 1896, Mary Ann died at the age of 79 and rests in the Watkins Family Cemetery.
Mary Ann Watkins, (1817-1896)
Mary Ann Watkins was born in 1817 in Kentucky to Spencer and Catherine Holloway. At the age of 17, after a six-week courtship, Mary Ann married 28-year-old Waltus Watkins and moved to Missouri. Together the couple had 11 children, two of which did not reach adulthood. While Waltus managed the farm and mill, Mary Ann managed the household, which included raising their children and two foster children, and caring for the garden, poultry, boarders and guests. She also excelled at needlepoint and lace making, and was a charter member of the Mount Vernon Baptist Church. In 1896, Mary Ann died at the age of 79 and rests in the Watkins Family Cemetery.
Mill Workers
Although difficult to imagine today, during the years of operation the mill was a busy and noisy place, filled with a diverse group of individuals. The mill’s workforce included Americans as well as French-Canadian, English, Irish, German and Swedish immigrants, and at its peak employed 25 men, 10 women and five children. Because millwork was a skilled industry, generally the workers earned a good wage. However, operating loud, fast-moving machines in poorly lit conditions with lint-filled air always posed a substantial risk of injury. Watkins built cabins where some of his employees lived with their families and provided boarding in his home.
Mill Workers
Although difficult to imagine today, during the years of operation the mill was a busy and noisy place, filled with a diverse group of individuals. The mill’s workforce included Americans as well as French-Canadian, English, Irish, German and Swedish immigrants, and at its peak employed 25 men, 10 women and five children. Because millwork was a skilled industry, generally the workers earned a good wage. However, operating loud, fast-moving machines in poorly lit conditions with lint-filled air always posed a substantial risk of injury. Watkins built cabins where some of his employees lived with their families and provided boarding in his home.
Mt. Vernon Missionary Baptist Church
Waltus, Mary Ann and their eldest daughter, Kate, were charter members of the Mt. Vernon Missionary Baptist Church established in 1857 and originally located in a log cabin about a mile southwest. After the church burned in 1869, the Watkinses donated this land near the newly built Franklin schoolhouse, on the provision that the property would revert back to the Watkins’ estate if the church ever disbanded. Completed in 1871, the congregation funded the church’s construction, while Waltus managed it. Because of the poor weather and lack of supplies, the church took several extra months to complete and nearly an additional $2,000, which Waltus paid. The last service was held in 1919, and in 1928, the church formally disbanded.
Mt. Vernon Missionary Baptist Church
Waltus, Mary Ann and their eldest daughter, Kate, were charter members of the Mt. Vernon Missionary Baptist Church established in 1857 and originally located in a log cabin about a mile southwest. After the church burned in 1869, the Watkinses donated this land near the newly built Franklin schoolhouse, on the provision that the property would revert back to the Watkins’ estate if the church ever disbanded. Completed in 1871, the congregation funded the church’s construction, while Waltus managed it. Because of the poor weather and lack of supplies, the church took several extra months to complete and nearly an additional $2,000, which Waltus paid. The last service was held in 1919, and in 1928, the church formally disbanded.
Parlor
Commonly, middle- and upper-class Victorian homes had a parlor room, dedicated to formal entertainment and the presentation of the family’s most decorative possessions. The Watkins’ home had two parlors, a formal parlor and a private family parlor. The Watkins’ formal parlor features three-ply, ingrain wool carpeting, a piano, grandfather clock, and brass window valances. These ornate items symbolized the family’s economic status and impressed their many visitors.
Parlor
Commonly, middle- and upper-class Victorian homes had a parlor room, dedicated to formal entertainment and the presentation of the family’s most decorative possessions. The Watkins’ home had two parlors, a formal parlor and a private family parlor. The Watkins’ formal parlor features three-ply, ingrain wool carpeting, a piano, grandfather clock, and brass window valances. These ornate items symbolized the family’s economic status and impressed their many visitors.
Picking, Step 4
After dyeing, the wool went through the picker, which contains fine teeth to tease, open and blend the fibers in preparation for carding. Because different types of fabrics required different mixtures of wool, the picker blended the wool varieties for specific results. Usually the wool cycled through the picker twice to ensure an even mixture, then blew it into the picker bin. Once in the picker bin, workers oiled the wool with lard to make it more manageable and less likely to become matted.
Picking, Step 4
After dyeing, the wool went through the picker, which contains fine teeth to tease, open and blend the fibers in preparation for carding. Because different types of fabrics required different mixtures of wool, the picker blended the wool varieties for specific results. Usually the wool cycled through the picker twice to ensure an even mixture, then blew it into the picker bin. Once in the picker bin, workers oiled the wool with lard to make it more manageable and less likely to become matted.
Pressing, Step 10
Pressing was the final step in the woolen textile manufacturing process. To press the fabric, two workers evenly damped the cloth and inserted press paper, a thin and slick cardboard, between the folds. Next, the workers stacked several pieces of fabric between two hot press plates and then tightened the press, which was left overnight, or for about 12 hours. When not in use, the press plates sat in an opening under the boiler, so they stayed hot and ready.
Pressing, Step 10
Pressing was the final step in the woolen textile manufacturing process. To press the fabric, two workers evenly damped the cloth and inserted press paper, a thin and slick cardboard, between the folds. Next, the workers stacked several pieces of fabric between two hot press plates and then tightened the press, which was left overnight, or for about 12 hours. When not in use, the press plates sat in an opening under the boiler, so they stayed hot and ready.
Sales Room
In this sales room, the Watkinses sold a variety of goods, most made on the farm, to local farmers and mill workers. Commonly sold products included meat, sugar, flour, produce, coffee, clothing, dishes, buggy and wagon parts, soap, dyes, tobacco and more. In addition, traveling salesmen sold Watkins yarns and fabrics in a four-county area, mostly to small rural stores. They carried samples, took and delivered orders, collected payment and purchased raw wool. Goods were also shipped by train to stores in larger cities including Kansas City, St. Joseph, Atchison, Leavenworth, Lexington, even St. Louis and on occasion Chicago. As payment, Watkins accepted cash, promissory notes, wool, wood, wheat, corn, bacon, lard, dry hides, beeswax and soap, most of which he then sold in his store.
Sales Room
In this sales room, the Watkinses sold a variety of goods, most made on the farm, to local farmers and mill workers. Commonly sold products included meat, sugar, flour, produce, coffee, clothing, dishes, buggy and wagon parts, soap, dyes, tobacco and more. In addition, traveling salesmen sold Watkins yarns and fabrics in a four-county area, mostly to small rural stores. They carried samples, took and delivered orders, collected payment and purchased raw wool. Goods were also shipped by train to stores in larger cities including Kansas City, St. Joseph, Atchison, Leavenworth, Lexington, even St. Louis and on occasion Chicago. As payment, Watkins accepted cash, promissory notes, wool, wood, wheat, corn, bacon, lard, dry hides, beeswax and soap, most of which he then sold in his store.
Site History
In 1839, Kentucky natives Waltus and Mary Ann Watkins established an 80-acre farm in Clay County, Missouri, that became a successful, 3650-acre family enterprise. The Watkins family raised livestock and grew crops and produce for sustenance and for profit. The farm also had a brick kiln, gristmill, sawmill, blacksmith shop, dairy, fruit dryhouse, icehouse and in 1860, Waltus added a three-and-a-half story steam-powered wool mill. For decades, the Watkins farm and mill provided products, services and a source of employment to the local community. In the mid-1880s, as Missouri’s wool industry diminished, the mill gradually cut back production, until it ceased in 1898. In 1943, the youngest Watkins daughter, 89-year-old Carrie, left the property and two years later, it was sold to a Texas cattle rancher and his family. In 1958, George Stilley purchased the land and buildings, while Forrest Ingram and Lee Oberholtz purchased the mill contents. Soon afterward, Ingram and Oberholtz along with George Reuland established the Watkins Mill Association. In 1963, the Watkins Mill Association collaborated with the Clay County Historical Society to get a bond issue passed to purchase the land, house and mill, and on Jan. 1, 1964, the property became a state park.
Site History
In 1839, Kentucky natives Waltus and Mary Ann Watkins established an 80-acre farm in Clay County, Missouri, that became a successful, 3650-acre family enterprise. The Watkins family raised livestock and grew crops and produce for sustenance and for profit. The farm also had a brick kiln, gristmill, sawmill, blacksmith shop, dairy, fruit dryhouse, icehouse and in 1860, Waltus added a three-and-a-half story steam-powered wool mill. For decades, the Watkins farm and mill provided products, services and a source of employment to the local community. In the mid-1880s, as Missouri’s wool industry diminished, the mill gradually cut back production, until it ceased in 1898. In 1943, the youngest Watkins daughter, 89-year-old Carrie, left the property and two years later, it was sold to a Texas cattle rancher and his family. In 1958, George Stilley purchased the land and buildings, while Forrest Ingram and Lee Oberholtz purchased the mill contents. Soon afterward, Ingram and Oberholtz along with George Reuland established the Watkins Mill Association. In 1963, the Watkins Mill Association collaborated with the Clay County Historical Society to get a bond issue passed to purchase the land, house and mill, and on Jan. 1, 1964, the property became a state park.
Spinning, Step 6
Spinning is the process of extending and twisting carded wool fibers, or roving, into a continuous thread, which can be the finished product, or be woven into fabric. The spinning jack required the operator to place spools of roving behind the stationary portion of the jack, then feed it through rollers and attach it to the spindles on the moving carriage. To begin the spinning process, the operator turned the hand crank, while walking the carriage outward, which fed the roving through the rollers and twisted it into thread and onto spindles. Spinning was one of the most highly skilled jobs in the mill and generally performed by men. However, according to records during the 1880s, Watkins Mill also hired women to operate the spinning jacks.
Spinning, Step 6
Spinning is the process of extending and twisting carded wool fibers, or roving, into a continuous thread, which can be the finished product, or be woven into fabric. The spinning jack required the operator to place spools of roving behind the stationary portion of the jack, then feed it through rollers and attach it to the spindles on the moving carriage. To begin the spinning process, the operator turned the hand crank, while walking the carriage outward, which fed the roving through the rollers and twisted it into thread and onto spindles. Spinning was one of the most highly skilled jobs in the mill and generally performed by men. However, according to records during the 1880s, Watkins Mill also hired women to operate the spinning jacks.
Staircase
One of the most outstanding features of the house is its beautiful semi-circular, semi-floating walnut and oak staircase in the central hallway. Building a staircase of this type, and working with wood harvested on the property, requires considerable skill. Family lore indicates that Watkins had to bring a skilled carpenter from Ohio or Pennsylvania to do the work and the actual construction of the staircase took two years.
Staircase
One of the most outstanding features of the house is its beautiful semi-circular, semi-floating walnut and oak staircase in the central hallway. Building a staircase of this type, and working with wood harvested on the property, requires considerable skill. Family lore indicates that Watkins had to bring a skilled carpenter from Ohio or Pennsylvania to do the work and the actual construction of the staircase took two years.
Summer Kitchen
The summer kitchen is a separate building used to prepare and cook food during the hot summer months. Cooking in the summer kitchen kept the house cooler, eliminated kitchen odors from the main house and minimized the risk of a fire. The summer kitchen reduced the amount of time that hired cooks spent inside the family home as well. This particular kitchen had both a stove and a large hearth for cooking, and was positioned to give quick access to the cellar and to the dining room.
Summer Kitchen
The summer kitchen is a separate building used to prepare and cook food during the hot summer months. Cooking in the summer kitchen kept the house cooler, eliminated kitchen odors from the main house and minimized the risk of a fire. The summer kitchen reduced the amount of time that hired cooks spent inside the family home as well. This particular kitchen had both a stove and a large hearth for cooking, and was positioned to give quick access to the cellar and to the dining room.
The Watkins Daughters
Waltus and Mary Ann Watkins had four daughters named Catherine (Kate), Martha (Mattie), Mary (Lizzie) and Caroline (Carrie). Waltus made sure that all of his children received an education, and the girls attended the Clay Seminary in Liberty. Intelligent and outspoken, the Watkins girls openly expressed their opinions, many of which are preserved in family letters. One revealed that Kate believed that Abraham Lincoln was a tyrant and news articles that criticized the “Southern Cause” were lies. An 1864 letter, shows 15-year-old Lizzie telling Kate that for school, she had to debate that it is not “injurious to the mind to read novels,” however she would “rather be on the affirmative for I know it is.” While in another, youngest daughter Carrie jokes to newly married Mattie that she misses her snorts and grunts, and wonders when her husband will finally see Mattie “as you really are.” Carrie outlived all of her siblings and stayed in the family home until 1943, when at the age of 89 she moved to Spokane, Washington, to live with her niece.
The Watkins Daughters
Waltus and Mary Ann Watkins had four daughters named Catherine (Kate), Martha (Mattie), Mary (Lizzie) and Caroline (Carrie). Waltus made sure that all of his children received an education, and the girls attended the Clay Seminary in Liberty. Intelligent and outspoken, the Watkins girls openly expressed their opinions, many of which are preserved in family letters. One revealed that Kate believed that Abraham Lincoln was a tyrant and news articles that criticized the “Southern Cause” were lies. An 1864 letter, shows 15-year-old Lizzie telling Kate that for school, she had to debate that it is not “injurious to the mind to read novels,” however she would “rather be on the affirmative for I know it is.” While in another, youngest daughter Carrie jokes to newly married Mattie that she misses her snorts and grunts, and wonders when her husband will finally see Mattie “as you really are.” Carrie outlived all of her siblings and stayed in the family home until 1943, when at the age of 89 she moved to Spokane, Washington, to live with her niece.
The Watkins Sons
Waltus and Mary Ann Watkins had seven boys, but only George, John, Jewell, A.J. and Joe lived to adulthood. During the Watkins’ first winter in the cabin, they lost their 4-year-old eldest son John and within months, their newborn Alfred. As adults, George became a cattle rancher in Montana, Jewell opened a candy store and dentist office in Colorado, A.J. owned an award-winning dairy operation in Lawson, while John and Joe spent their entire lives on the farm. After their father’s death, John managed the mill until it closed in 1898 and lived at the farm until his death in 1931.
The Watkins Sons
Waltus and Mary Ann Watkins had seven boys, but only George, John, Jewell, A.J. and Joe lived to adulthood. During the Watkins’ first winter in the cabin, they lost their 4-year-old eldest son John and within months, their newborn Alfred. As adults, George became a cattle rancher in Montana, Jewell opened a candy store and dentist office in Colorado, A.J. owned an award-winning dairy operation in Lawson, while John and Joe spent their entire lives on the farm. After their father’s death, John managed the mill until it closed in 1898 and lived at the farm until his death in 1931.
Waltus L. Watkins, (1806-1884)
In 1806, Waltus was born in Kentucky to Benjamin and Jane Watkins. As a young man, Waltus learned about and worked in the mechanics and textile manufacturing industries. In 1830, he moved to the Missouri frontier and settled in the town of Liberty. Heeding the advice of relatives to marry “as soon as you can make a good bargain,” Watkins returned to Kentucky in 1834 and married Mary Ann Holloway. Together they moved to Liberty, where Waltus established a number of businesses including one of the first cotton mills in western Missouri. In 1839, he sold his businesses, purchased 80-acres and moved his new family to land he would name Bethany. The Watkins family, along with paid and enslaved laborers, worked there to create a profitable farm and gristmill, and beginning in 1860, a woolen mill. In addition to being a businessman and entrepreneur, Watkins became a well-known community leader. He employed and provided housing for several families, helped build a schoolhouse, provided land for a Baptist church and was an early trustee of William Jewell College. In 1884, Watkins died in his home at the age of 78 and rests in the Watkins Family Cemetery.
Waltus L. Watkins, (1806-1884)
In 1806, Waltus was born in Kentucky to Benjamin and Jane Watkins. As a young man, Waltus learned about and worked in the mechanics and textile manufacturing industries. In 1830, he moved to the Missouri frontier and settled in the town of Liberty. Heeding the advice of relatives to marry “as soon as you can make a good bargain,” Watkins returned to Kentucky in 1834 and married Mary Ann Holloway. Together they moved to Liberty, where Waltus established a number of businesses including one of the first cotton mills in western Missouri. In 1839, he sold his businesses, purchased 80-acres and moved his new family to land he would name Bethany. The Watkins family, along with paid and enslaved laborers, worked there to create a profitable farm and gristmill, and beginning in 1860, a woolen mill. In addition to being a businessman and entrepreneur, Watkins became a well-known community leader. He employed and provided housing for several families, helped build a schoolhouse, provided land for a Baptist church and was an early trustee of William Jewell College. In 1884, Watkins died in his home at the age of 78 and rests in the Watkins Family Cemetery.
Waltus’ Desk
Waltus’ Empire Revival standing secretary remains in its original location. The top drawer of the lower section pulls out and the front drops down to form a high desk. Designed for quick record-keeping and short entries that did not require the user to sit down. It was a perfect match for Watkins who, in addition to running a farm and mill, served as a Justice of the Peace, Postmaster, Trustee for the William Jewell College and the Franklin School District, and as a county roads commissioner.
Waltus’ Desk
Waltus’ Empire Revival standing secretary remains in its original location. The top drawer of the lower section pulls out and the front drops down to form a high desk. Designed for quick record-keeping and short entries that did not require the user to sit down. It was a perfect match for Watkins who, in addition to running a farm and mill, served as a Justice of the Peace, Postmaster, Trustee for the William Jewell College and the Franklin School District, and as a county roads commissioner.
Watkins Family Cemetery
The Watkins family cemetery, originally part of the peach orchard, came about in 1862 with the death of Jane Minter Watkins, Waltus’s mother, who expressed a desire to be buried in the orchard. The cemetery contains marked graves for members of the Watkins household, but possibly more unmarked, as there are no burial records for two of the Watkins children. In the 1930s, Joe Watkins erected a stone wall to keep out cattle and replaced his parents’ and sister’s headstones to match his brother John’s, who died in 1931. Mary Ann’s nephew, William Holloway, who died in 1938, was the last to be interred here. An 1869 letter from Waltus’ oldest sister, Mary, states, “I am truly glad that our Brother Walter has succeeded in having a tombstone erected over our sainted mothers grave…it is a beautiful monument and cost $300.”
Watkins Family Cemetery
The Watkins family cemetery, originally part of the peach orchard, came about in 1862 with the death of Jane Minter Watkins, Waltus’s mother, who expressed a desire to be buried in the orchard. The cemetery contains marked graves for members of the Watkins household, but possibly more unmarked, as there are no burial records for two of the Watkins children. In the 1930s, Joe Watkins erected a stone wall to keep out cattle and replaced his parents’ and sister’s headstones to match his brother John’s, who died in 1931. Mary Ann’s nephew, William Holloway, who died in 1938, was the last to be interred here. An 1869 letter from Waltus’ oldest sister, Mary, states, “I am truly glad that our Brother Walter has succeeded in having a tombstone erected over our sainted mothers grave…it is a beautiful monument and cost $300.”
Watkins Livestock
Waltus Watkins raised a variety of livestock used to power machinery, supply the family with food and generate revenue. In 1860, Watkins owned 12 horses, five mules, 12 dairy cows, six working oxen, 50 heads of cattle, 50 sheep and 150 swine. The same year, the Watkins farm produced 500 pounds of butter, 50 pounds of cheese and 300 pounds of honey. They also raised up to 750 poultry, including Dominique chickens and Standard Bronze turkeys, both of which are now rare breeds.
Watkins Livestock
Waltus Watkins raised a variety of livestock used to power machinery, supply the family with food and generate revenue. In 1860, Watkins owned 12 horses, five mules, 12 dairy cows, six working oxen, 50 heads of cattle, 50 sheep and 150 swine. The same year, the Watkins farm produced 500 pounds of butter, 50 pounds of cheese and 300 pounds of honey. They also raised up to 750 poultry, including Dominique chickens and Standard Bronze turkeys, both of which are now rare breeds.
Watkins Woolen Mill
From 1859 to 1860, Waltus Watkins built the steam-powered woolen mill, and then employed skilled laborers to operate it. The mill stands three-and-a-half stories tall, is powered by a steamboat engine and contains over 50 textile-manufacturing machines. The mill began operations on the brink of the Civil War and the high demand for fabric during the war helped make the mill a success. During the 1870s, the mill processed between 40,000 and 60,000 pounds of wool. In 1868, Watkins went into a partnership with his son, John, forming W. L. Watkins & Son, which operated until Waltus’ death in 1884. John continued to operate the mill until 1898, when changing economics, aging equipment and mass production of clothing on the East Coast forced its closure.
Watkins Woolen Mill
From 1859 to 1860, Waltus Watkins built the steam-powered woolen mill, and then employed skilled laborers to operate it. The mill stands three-and-a-half stories tall, is powered by a steamboat engine and contains over 50 textile-manufacturing machines. The mill began operations on the brink of the Civil War and the high demand for fabric during the war helped make the mill a success. During the 1870s, the mill processed between 40,000 and 60,000 pounds of wool. In 1868, Watkins went into a partnership with his son, John, forming W. L. Watkins & Son, which operated until Waltus’ death in 1884. John continued to operate the mill until 1898, when changing economics, aging equipment and mass production of clothing on the East Coast forced its closure.
Weaving, Step 7
Weaving is the process of turning yarn or thread into fabric. Rather than a handloom, the Furbush & Gage fancy loom had a simple mechanical computer that allowed the weaver to program the harnesses and shuttles. Each loom had up to 23 harnesses and five shuttles and was capable of making cross stripes, plaids, diagonals and other complicated weaves in fabric up to 48” wide. Being a weaver took years of practice and great dexterity. Women often held this position.
Weaving, Step 7
Weaving is the process of turning yarn or thread into fabric. Rather than a handloom, the Furbush & Gage fancy loom had a simple mechanical computer that allowed the weaver to program the harnesses and shuttles. Each loom had up to 23 harnesses and five shuttles and was capable of making cross stripes, plaids, diagonals and other complicated weaves in fabric up to 48” wide. Being a weaver took years of practice and great dexterity. Women often held this position.
Willowing, Step 1
After the wool fleece was sheared from the sheep, workers sorted the wool and put it through the willowing mill. This machine consists of a revolving drum with large, coarse teeth. The teeth broke up the wool into small clumps and knocked out most of the burrs, seeds and unwanted particulates. This process is called willowing, because traditionally an individual used willow branches to beat the wool.
Willowing, Step 1
After the wool fleece was sheared from the sheep, workers sorted the wool and put it through the willowing mill. This machine consists of a revolving drum with large, coarse teeth. The teeth broke up the wool into small clumps and knocked out most of the burrs, seeds and unwanted particulates. This process is called willowing, because traditionally an individual used willow branches to beat the wool.