#: locale=en
## Action
### Text to Speech
TextToSpeechBehaviour_C2683204_E1B7_2B16_41CA_159CB1C3AA02.text = Next Pano
TextToSpeechBehaviour_6C61687D_6357_663F_41D7_5F565CA000D2.text = Orient Leftwards
TextToSpeechBehaviour_6C61687D_6357_663F_41D7_142259A161D5.text = Orient backwards
TextToSpeechBehaviour_6C61687D_6357_663F_41A2_9877FCEF5740.text = Orient frontwards
TextToSpeechBehaviour_6C61687D_6357_663F_41B9_F9553E2A68C2.text = Orient rightwards
TextToSpeechBehaviour_6C61687E_6357_663D_41BE_BEB6B1172E5F.text = Previous Pano
TextToSpeechBehaviour_3C87B586_2DD7_D9CC_4123_DCC757531DA8.text = Scott Joplin House State Historic Site \
2658 Delmar Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63103 \
Office Number: 314-340-5790
TextToSpeechBehaviour_E3874E54_3430_1EBD_4196_44D5760C9978.text = Scott Joplin House State Historic Site \
2658 Delmar Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63103 \
Office Number: 314-340-5790
### URL
LinkBehaviour_BF69E3E5_9F89_2916_41E1_604280870995.source = #
LinkBehaviour_BF69E3E5_9F89_2916_41A8_E3C49A0B563C.source = #
LinkBehaviour_BF69E3E5_9F89_2916_41DD_3877DCB05726.source = #
LinkBehaviour_BF69E3E5_9F89_2916_41E4_8AAA0BC19C74.source = #
LinkBehaviour_7AFA89FF_4A0A_8543_41CE_182AC856B44E.source = #
LinkBehaviour_7EA7FF9F_4A09_9DC3_41D0_18FE78C8C9F6.source = #
LinkBehaviour_3D64B06F_2DD0_575C_418C_97A3D1583FC4.source = https://icampmo.usedirect.com/MSPWeb/Customers/ShoppingCart.aspx
LinkBehaviour_EF2616BE_3430_2FED_41B4_637388906904.source = https://icampmo.usedirect.com/MSPWeb/Customers/ShoppingCart.aspx
LinkBehaviour_E381DE59_3430_1EB7_41BC_BD3E535FD898.source = https://mostateparks.com/page/mo-virtual-heritage
LinkBehaviour_3D6A106B_2DD0_5744_4188_150484F28AF3.source = https://mostateparks.com/page/mo-virtual-heritage
LinkBehaviour_3C87E586_2DD7_D9CC_4173_1EED80E0DDD2.source = mailto:MissouriMinesStateHistoric@dnr.mo.gov
LinkBehaviour_E387CE54_3430_1EBD_41B3_68AD7F9E4810.source = mailto:MissouriMinesStateHistoric@dnr.mo.gov
LinkBehaviour_E3871E54_3430_1EBD_418A_44B60DE52CDA.source = tel:57342162226
LinkBehaviour_3C879586_2DD7_D9CC_4165_D55E3B7A3CFB.source = tel:5734316226
## Hotspot
### Text
HotspotPanoramaOverlayTextImage_B759D1C2_AD20_025D_41E0_8CF09B92C787.text = Enter Tour
HotspotPanoramaOverlayTextImage_8F9A7E79_BDF5_5A47_41D7_A22B1A0933F6.text = To Bonne Terre Mine
HotspotPanoramaOverlayTextImage_B763D1C0_ADE0_025D_41E6_503605EF0E85.text = To Bonne Terre Mine
HotspotPanoramaOverlayTextImage_B76494D5_ADE0_0267_41E6_B53592B52DD1.text = ^
HotspotPanoramaOverlayTextImage_8F9A7E79_BDF5_5A47_41E0_709E9E39A330.text = ^
## Media
### Audio
audiores_273A19CF_4907_0F72_41CD_BEB55086A5EC.mp3Url = media/audio_0230CEC5_4905_0576_41B1_0FC0BCAF0979_en.mp3
audiores_45A0F6F5_1C10_2F7C_417F_A19FFD158CC3.mp3Url = media/audio_07814DBB_1C30_3DEB_418A_D2ADE6F2A219_en.mp3
audiores_459DC5C5_1C10_2D9C_4174_8D3F6F85ED41.mp3Url = media/audio_0783FD46_1C30_229C_41B2_D8C40C026241_en.mp3
audiores_45ABDA06_1C10_269C_4191_F2DC006B675B.mp3Url = media/audio_07849EB5_1C30_3FFC_416C_22F9E1B4B270_en.mp3
audiores_45A40863_1C10_229B_41A2_5568ED2E5A41.mp3Url = media/audio_0786AE2F_1C30_3EEB_4173_A0CC426BEB9B_en.mp3
audiores_45979093_1C10_23BB_41B4_9E556A187FC2.mp3Url = media/audio_07887B33_1C30_26F4_41A8_E8341CDA4781_en.mp3
audiores_4599D404_1C10_229C_41B5_82BB7C2B6221.mp3Url = media/audio_078DECC1_1C30_2394_419F_EFF078C51DF7_en.mp3
audiores_4598132A_1C10_2695_41A4_F17DF39D96AD.mp3Url = media/audio_078DFC31_1C30_22F4_41AD_5FD7B7DB0674_en.mp3
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audiores_4592BEDE_1C10_1FAD_419F_DC0B0AB23D35.mp3Url = media/audio_07958AB2_1C30_27F5_41B0_C623A096CB69_en.mp3
audiores_7A5ABDCB_1C10_1D94_4173_2287E12C148A.mp3Url = media/audio_07A045DE_1C30_2DAC_4158_75615099D5FD_en.mp3
audiores_7A570C72_1C10_2375_418E_473CEE86E4DD.mp3Url = media/audio_07A2455A_1C30_22B4_4184_F4DE3AFDBD72_en.mp3
audiores_7A5DB10B_1C10_62AB_41AC_601EACA2375D.mp3Url = media/audio_07A4170B_1C30_2E94_4196_E79B092DD9D9_en.mp3
audiores_7A5EFF9D_1C10_1DAC_41B9_4E87D1A50DFD.mp3Url = media/audio_07A60674_1C30_2F7C_41B3_EE237DD90B6B_en.mp3
audiores_7A4C497F_1C10_256C_4181_D6A501ED918D.mp3Url = media/audio_07A9E45F_1C30_22AC_41B7_B3CAC1A77AAB_en.mp3
audiores_7A48F7FF_1C10_2D6B_41B8_7ADB7F739154.mp3Url = media/audio_07ABB3DB_1C30_25B4_41B3_7182B3F016A2_en.mp3
audiores_7A53FAE4_1C10_279C_41B5_6E87FE60B2AE.mp3Url = media/audio_07AFE4E4_1C30_239C_41B9_516834FB54EE_en.mp3
audiores_45BD4322_1C10_2694_41AB_7D61D662837F.mp3Url = media/audio_07B1023E_1C30_26EC_41B4_0499D4014CCD_en.mp3
audiores_45B99192_1C10_25B4_4155_10171DEDE08E.mp3Url = media/audio_07B3E1C5_1C30_259C_41B5_8E0AC5CB8EEA_en.mp3
audiores_7A45765F_1C10_2EAC_4191_93D15EABDCD6.mp3Url = media/audio_07B5A353_1C30_26BB_4160_0E5C668A5118_en.mp3
audiores_7A4124AA_1C10_2394_41B3_B60ABED5C292.mp3Url = media/audio_07B712D0_1C30_27B4_41A9_85FB042AE0A3_en.mp3
audiores_45ADCC89_1C10_2397_41B5_A4F29ED26598.mp3Url = media/audio_07B8EFD1_1C30_3DB4_4195_0AE8B57CDDFE_en.mp3
audiores_45AFDBB1_1C10_25F4_419B_331272AACA52.mp3Url = media/audio_07BA9F3A_1C30_3EF4_41B4_5BE5DA8012B1_en.mp3
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audiores_45B10DE8_1C10_3D94_41B5_44AF43A7486A.mp3Url = media/audio_07BEF056_1C30_22BD_41AE_8D3DBB4B09C4_en.mp3
audiores_9485F225_A3DF_65CF_41DF_282C9C104F40.mp3Url = media/audio_6D3A6F32_7D35_7BC5_41BA_3ACDEFA21700_en.mp3
audiores_9485F63A_A3DF_6DC5_41C5_52C0F2C5F529.mp3Url = media/audio_6D3E78EB_7D2D_665B_41B1_D453E5E00E21_en.mp3
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audiores_9485FEDE_A3DF_5A7D_41D4_7101CA762C6D.mp3Url = media/audio_7A8ECD89_67ED_BEC7_41DC_E376E4EDF7A0_en.mp3
audiores_948602FA_A3DC_AA45_41A1_A6FB920BBE23.mp3Url = media/audio_7A952573_67FC_EE4B_41C8_A007CDA40715_en.mp3
audiores_BF0669A1_9F7B_390E_41D8_1C76223D5589.mp3Url = media/audio_BED9835C_9E89_E936_41D9_CE7D5B601D31_en.mp3
### Audio Subtitles
### Image
imlevel_A795E68C_262E_D564_4186_A8792F1629BC.url = media/panorama_6CAD3DBA_632C_DEC5_41AE_470C7BC3F645_HS_34e6rv3s_en.png
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imlevel_A4678CCF_2656_D6E4_41BB_0BC9E7556203.url = media/popup_9452913D_A375_A63F_41E0_53F270B06BEF_en_0_4.jpg
### Popup Image
### Title
panorama_778EC5F6_6DED_AE4D_41B6_2C542D7B77DA.label = Bonne Terre Mine
panorama_B72C40F9_AD60_022F_41D9_7330FE7D33A0.label = Compressor Room
album_07048373_1C30_6574_41B5_647660D68F56_0.label = Contact
panorama_7A4E4829_676C_A5C7_41D7_FAB8EFBCDEF3.label = Conveyors
panorama_B729339A_AD60_06ED_41E1_F54DB21822E1.label = Drone Gatehouse
panorama_7A7EA60D_672D_EDDF_417A_6625B7593018.label = Filter & Dryer
panorama_BEEE1B65_9E8B_1916_41D2_8F9BB8F808D3.label = Gatehouse
panorama_B72A0666_AD60_0E25_41B0_8170D9DD8B05.label = Headframe & Primary Crushers
panorama_6CAD3DBA_632C_DEC5_41AE_470C7BC3F645.label = Headframe, Primary Crusher & Hoist House
panorama_B72AC35A_AD60_066D_41E4_478963C34CFA.label = Machine Shop
panorama_B72AF6FA_AD60_0E2D_41B8_00D86315A7EC.label = Machine Shop
panorama_B72ADDBE_AD60_0225_41B8_3DD1DB9CE8BA.label = Machine Shop
panorama_B72B2A36_AD60_0625_41CA_B33870361214.label = Machine Shop
panorama_B729B9BA_AD60_022D_41DA_2F20FBE62496.label = Mill & Concentration Plant
panorama_B74908AB_AD20_0223_41E6_0A82729E6E40.label = Mill & Concentration Plant
panorama_B74BD644_AD20_0E65_41E0_DE216745D360.label = Mill & Concentration Plant
panorama_46DF51BC_5BD9_D989_41A5_A3B4812ECE26.label = Mill & Concentration Plant
panorama_B72C0F03_AD60_1FE3_41DA_01442C5BFABA.label = Mill & Concentration Plant
panorama_B72B917F_AD60_0223_41DB_83D3E9DA8AB2.label = Mill & Concentration Plant
panorama_B753A2E2_AD20_065D_41E2_856B0153F47A.label = Mill & Concentration Plant
panorama_46D7A9D0_5A29_4999_4195_79FE1701608A.label = Mill & Concentration Plant
panorama_46D64219_5A2B_3A8B_41CC_D72C82529190.label = Mill & Concentration Plant
panorama_46CCC604_5A3F_3A79_41C0_2ED4C97E8E13.label = Mill & Concentration Plant
panorama_46DDB0EA_5BD9_5789_419F_575B5C691042.label = Mill & Concentration Plant
panorama_B72BAABB_AD60_0623_41D5_8B52EBEC27F0.label = Mill & Concentration Plant
panorama_B729D44F_AD60_0263_41D0_929B55FC2F12.label = Mine Yard
panorama_7A7D3A3A_672C_E5C5_41CC_4CF608952596.label = Mine Yard
panorama_B72AA7E5_AD60_0E27_41D7_CBE07E0AEF98.label = Mine Yard
panorama_B727AD32_AD60_023D_41D6_18FC92E8EA38.label = Missouri Mines
panorama_6C9F4D68_63EC_BE45_41B7_67052D480DD0.label = Missouri Mines
panorama_B72968D0_AD60_027D_41BB_2EE0EAA8CC26.label = Missouri Mines
panorama_B727914F_AD60_0263_4180_74356DD38FE6.label = Missouri Mines
video_951B845A_35F0_22B5_41C1_3446A746F367.label = Missouri Mines
album_07048373_1C30_6574_41B5_647660D68F56.label = Photo Album Contact
album_07427C04_1C10_229D_41A6_3F8D1093FF6A.label = Photo Album Tag #1, Regional Setting
album_337D9010_1C10_E2B4_41AD_F1C3D861BFB2.label = Photo Album Tag #7, Lead Ore
album_0787E7CE_1C10_2DAC_41B7_4086887D2799.label = Photo Album Tag #9, Missouri Minerals
panorama_B72985CE_AD60_0265_41E5_9168CF3E9473.label = Powerhouse
panorama_46BACB33_5A58_CA9F_41B2_0BB11953DB49.label = Safety Sign
panorama_7A4152E8_6754_AA45_41D1_4222F4C70FDE.label = Secondary Crusher
video_047D2B3A_1C10_66F4_418E_EA3299814F0E.label = Site History
model_8FF28D3A_BD35_BE3A_41D8_C2EFFECE5EA9.label = Speeder
model_346777DB_200C_A866_41A4_21FD300DA071.label = St. Joe's Shovel
album_07427C04_1C10_229D_41A6_3F8D1093FF6A_0.label = Tag #1, Regional Setting
video_07C29F71_1C10_1D74_4192_EB1E3C7FF14D.label = Tag #12, Conveyors
video_040931CF_1C10_E5AB_41AC_B510525E8A3C.label = Tag #13, Milling
video_047E840E_1C10_22AD_4190_F021D18BF4B7.label = Tag #14, Chemical Concentration
video_04959213_1C10_26BB_41B5_9A3182ED40E6.label = Tag #15, Gravity Concentration
video_049C8108_1C30_6294_41AD_AD148F7DB9BF.label = Tag #16, Diamond Core Drill Exploration
video_06561963_1C33_E294_41B1_A6F8B9CE99EA.label = Tag #17, Early Mining Equipment
video_04EB2B4C_1C30_E6AD_41B5_3508D4968000.label = Tag #24, Filter & Drying
video_05E91655_1C10_EEBC_418D_5F7117C372D8.label = Tag #3, Headframe & Shaft
video_045A3ED0_1C10_3FB4_41A9_F38F0DD6FA66.label = Tag #4, Primary Crushing
video_04418D05_1C10_629F_41B8_5BD6A26ABD58.label = Tag #5, Mining Communities
video_045A5609_1C10_2E94_41B9_345298764991.label = Tag #6, Hoist House
album_337D9010_1C10_E2B4_41AD_F1C3D861BFB2_0.label = Tag #7, Lead Ore
video_04022C1C_1C10_62AC_419A_1708A9155EA3.label = Tag #8, Exploration and Extraction
album_0787E7CE_1C10_2DAC_41B7_4086887D2799_0.label = Tag #9, Missouri Minerals (1of3)
album_0787E7CE_1C10_2DAC_41B7_4086887D2799_1.label = Tag #9, Missouri Minerals (2of3)
album_0787E7CE_1C10_2DAC_41B7_4086887D2799_2.label = Tag #9, Missouri Minerals (3of3)
panorama_46ECA259_5BFF_7A8B_41D1_1F4555C47B9D.label = Thickener Tanks
panorama_46BE05D9_5A5B_398B_41BB_A5B3C2566A77.label = Thrombolite
panorama_46B8C83F_5A67_3687_41BB_0A2D43D0A860.label = Water Tower & Pump House
### Video
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Missouri Mines State Historic Site
P.O. Box 492, Park Hills, MO 63601
Office Number: 573-431-6226
Email: MissouriMinesStateHistoric@dnr.mo.gov
CONTACT
Missouri Mines State Historic Site
P.O. Box 492, Park Hills, MO 63601
Office Number: 573-431-6226
Email: MissouriMinesStateHistoric@dnr.mo.gov
A bird's eye view. Trees and a mine yard off in the distance. A tank front left. Buildings front right.
A bird's eye view. Trees and buildings off in the distance. A road center. Trees and gravel roads front left. An empty tank front right.
A bird's eye view. Trees and gravel roads off in the distance. A road center. Empty tanks front center.
A bird's eye view. Trees and gravel roads off in the distance. Dirt yards front center.
A bird's eye view. Trees and roads off in the distance. Buildings front left and front right. Trees front center.
A bird's eye view. Trees and roads off in the distance. Buildings front left. Grass and gravel roads front center.
A bird's eye view. Trees and roads off in the distance. Empty tanks and trees front center.
A bird's eye view. Trees and roads off in the distance. Gravel roads and trees front left. Buildings front right.
A bird's eye view. Trees and roads off in the distance. The mine yard with several buildings, gravel road and trees front center.
A bird's eye view. Trees off in the distance. A building center. A gravel road front left. Buildings and trees front right.
A bird's eye view. Trees off in the distance. A road center. Trees and a building front right.
A bird's eye view. Trees off in the distance. Buildings and a parking lot front left. Dirt yard front right.
A bird's eye view. Trees off in the distance. Buildings left. Grass and roads right.
A bird's eye view. Trees off in the distance. Buildings, a conveyor and water tank center. Buildings front left. A gravel road front center. A tank and buildings front right.
A bird's eye view. Trees off in the distance. Buildings, gravel roads and a mine yard front center.
A bird's eye view. Trees off in the distance. Dirt and gravel roads front center.
A bird's eye view. Trees off in the distance. Dirt and gravel roads front center.
A bird's eye view. Trees off in the distance. Dirt and gravel roads left. Buildings center and front right.
A bird's eye view. Trees off in the distance. Several buildings front center. A water tower front right.
A bird's eye view. Trees, gravel roads and dirt off in the distance. Buildings left. A conveyer front left. Buildings front right.
A brick building wall with a large door left.
A brick wall with a door left.
A brick wall with a window right.
A brick wall, with a window right.
A brick wall, with a window right.
A brick wall, with a window right.
A building and bushes left. A gravel road front center runs left to right.
A building and gravel road back left. A bush right.
A building back center and back right. A building left. A dirt pile front left. A gravel road right runs straight ahead and curves to the left.
A building back center. A building and bushes right. A gravel road front center runs straight ahead.
A building back center. A building with an opening left. A telephone pole center.
A building back center. A conveyor right. A historic sign front center. A large rock front right.
A building back center. Dirt and grass mound front center.
A building back center. Gravel road front center.
A building back center. Metal posts with a sign left.
A building back left. A building front center.
A building back left. A tank left. A building right.
A building back left. A water tower and trees back center. A conveyor and building back right. A gravel road front center.
A building back left. Trees back right. A metal post left. A gravel road right runs to the back left.
A building back right. A conveyor front left. A street sign front center. A sign hanging on metal posts front right.
A building center. A dirt road front center runs left to right.
A building center. A gravel road front center runs straight ahead to the left.
A building left, with a door front left. A metal post back right.
A building right. A gravel road front center runs straight ahead.
A building wall, with a window left and door right.
A concrete plant, with rows of concrete post support beams back left and front right.
A concrete wall front left and a brick wall back right.
A concrete wall with a large window left and center.
A concrete wall with two large windows. A table front right.
A concrete warehouse with rows of support beams. A cart front right.
A concrete warehouse with support beams back left. A brick building back right. A wall front center.
A concrete warehouse with windows back left and right. Equipment left.
A concrete warehouse with windows back left and right. Equipment left.
A concrete warehouse with windows back left. Equipment back left and back right.
A concrete warehouse with windows back left. Equipment center.
A concrete warehouse with windows left and back right. Equipment right.
A concrete warehouse with windows left. Equipment right.
A concrete warehouse, with a large opening and doorway center.
A concrete warehouse, with rows of concrete support beams and a staircase back left and windows back center. Tables back center and right.
A concrete warehouse, with rows of concrete support beams back center. Equipment back right. Equipment left and center.
A concrete warehouse, with rows of concrete support beams back left and right and front left and right.
A concrete warehouse, with windows left and back center. A staircase right. Concrete support beams back left and right and front left and right.
A concrete warehouse. Equipment front center.
A concrete warehouse. Equipment left and front right.
A conveyor, building, and water tower back left. Trees and buildings back right. A dirt path front center.
A mine cave. Rock walls back left and back right. A railroad track runs straight ahead front left. A cart back left.
A mine cave. Rock walls back left, back center and right. A railroad track runs left to right front center.
A mine cave. Rock walls center, left and right. A railroad track runs straight ahead front right. A cart center.
A warehouse wall with three windows.
A warehouse with a window left, an opening back left and windows back right.
A warehouse with three windows on back wall. Equipment front left and front right. A metal post front center.
A warehouse with windows back left and right. A trailer left. Equipment right.
A warehouse with windows back left and right. Equipment left.
A warehouse with windows back left. Equipment front center.
A warehouse with windows left, back center, and right. Equipment back left and right.
A warehouse with windows on back wall. A trailer front right.
A warehouse with windows on back wall. Equipment left and back right.
A warehouse with windows right. Equipment back left. Wood on pallets right.
A warehouse with windows right. Equipment left.
A warehouse, windows on back wall. Equipment back center. Equipment front left.
A warehouse, with a door back left. Equipment front left and front right.
A warehouse, with a door left. Equipment back right.
A warehouse, with a window back left. Equipment right.
A warehouse, with a window back left.. Equipment back left. A booth back center. Equipment front right.
A warehouse, with an opening left and windows left and back right.
A warehouse, with rows of support beams front center. Equipment front left.
A warehouse, with support beams back center. A concrete block front center.
A warehouse, with support beams back center. Concrete blocks center. Rail tracks and equipment front center.
A warehouse, with support beams back center. Concrete blocks center. Rail tracks and equipment front center.
A warehouse, with support beams back center. Concrete blocks left. Equipment right.
A warehouse, with support beams back center. Equipment front center.
A warehouse, with support beams back center. Equipment front left and front right.
A warehouse, with support beams back center. Equipment left.
A warehouse, with windows back center and right. Equipment and concrete blocks back left.
A warehouse, with windows back center and right. Equipment and concrete blocks back left.
A warehouse, with windows back center and two support beams left.
A warehouse, with windows back center. A truck front left. A pallet front center. A concrete block front right.
A warehouse, with windows back left and right. Equipment back center. Pallets front right.
A warehouse, with windows back left and right. Equipment left.
A warehouse, with windows back left and right. Equipment left.
A warehouse, with windows back left. Equipment back center. Pallets front left.
A warehouse, with windows left and an opening and windows back center. A concrete block back center. Equipment front right.
A warehouse, with windows left and an opening and windows back center. A concrete block back center. Equipment front right.
A warehouse, with windows left and an opening right. Equipment left.
A warehouse, with windows left and back center. Equipment back right. A concrete block right.
A warehouse, with windows left and back center. Support beams back right. Equipment back center. A concrete block right.
A warehouse, with windows right. Equipment back left and front right.
A warehouse, with windows right. Support beams back left. wood beams front center.
A warehouse. A truck front center.
A warehouse. Equipment front center.
A water tower back left. Building back right. A building front left. A dirt path right.
Building back right. A building left. Concrete posts with metal beams front left, center and front right.
Buildings and a bush back center. A building left. A building right. A gravel road front center runs straight ahead.
Buildings and a tank back left. A building back right. A gravel road front center runs straight ahead.
Buildings and a tank back left. Buildings and bushes back right. A conveyor right. A gravel road front center runs straight ahead.
Buildings and a water tower back center. A conveyor runs left to right. A building right. A large rock front left.
Buildings and a water tower back left. A building back right. Bushes center. Grass front center. A gravel road right runs straight ahead.
Buildings and bushes back left. A concrete warehouse support beams back right. A brick wall front center.
Buildings back center and back right. Bushes left and right. A grass and dirt path front right runs straight ahead.
Buildings back center. A building left. A tank right.
Buildings back center. A tank back right. A building and telephone pole left. A gravel road center runs left to right.
Buildings back center. A tank left. A building right. A gravel road front center runs straight ahead and curves to the right.
Buildings back center. Bushes center.
Buildings back left and back center. A conveyor right. Concrete posts with metal beams front center and front right.
Buildings back left and back right. Bushes center.
Buildings back left. A building with a fence front center.
Buildings back left. A conveyor center.
Buildings back left. A water tower back center. Bushes back right. A grass and gravel path front center.
Buildings back left. Trees and a building right. A gravel road runs to the left front center.
Buildings off in the distance center. A building with a headframe left. Bushes center. Buildings right.
Bushes and equipment back left. Metal posts back right. A conveyor left. A building front right.
Bushes back left. A building with metal frames back right. A gravel road front center.
Bushes back right. A gravel road front center runs straight ahead.
Bushes center. Equipment right. A concrete tank wall front center.
Dirt and trees off in the distance. A fence center. A gravel roads front center runs left to right.
The corner of a mine cave. Rock walls back left and back right.
Trees and buildings in the distance on left. A water tower back left. Buildings back center and right.
Trees and buildings in the distance. A building left. A gravel road front center.
Trees back center. A tank center. A gravel road front center curves off to the right.
Trees back left. A building back right. A concrete wall right. A gravel road front center runs straight ahead.
Trees back left. A concrete wall left. A building right.
Trees back right. A building back left. Bushes left. A gravel road front center runs straight ahead.a
Trees in the distance center. A building left and right. A gravel road left runs straight ahead. A concrete pathway front right.
Trees in the distance. A building back left and back right. A gravel road front center curves to the right.
Trees left. A metal post front right. A gravel road left runs to the back right.
Trees off in the distance on left. A fence and electrical pole center. A gravel road front center.
Trees off in the distance on right. A building left. A bush center. A gravel road front center runs straight ahead and curves to left.
Trees off in the distance. A building back left. A building right. A gravel road front left runs straight ahead. Metal support poles front center.
Trees off in the distance. A building left. A building and metal frames right. A gravel road front right.
Trees off in the distance. A fire hydrant center.
Trees off in the distance. A gravel road front center runs straight ahead.
Trees off in the distance. Buildings back left and back center. A fence right. A gravel road front center runs straight ahead.
Trees off in the distance. Bushes center.
Trees off in the distance. Bushes left. A concrete tank wall front left.
Trees off in the distance. Metal frames left. A bush center and right. A dirt gravel front center runs off to the left.
Missouri Mines State Historic Site
Concentration Mill Complex Details:
• Area: 64 acres, 25 buildings
• Year Built: 1907, modifications throughout operational history; major additions in 1920s, 1930s, 1950s
• Materials: Steel framing with concrete, brick, tile, corrugated metal, glass
• Original Power Source: electricity – generated on site with coal and steam
Underground Mine Details:
• Extent: 13 miles by 5 miles – all interconnected
• Depth: Roughly 200 feet to 755 feet
• Height of underground rooms: Commonly 100-150 feet; maximum 300 feet
• Underground railroad track: 300 miles
• Current Condition: Totally filled with water (now local drinking water supply)
Missouri Mines State Historic Site
Concentration Mill Complex Details:
• Area: 64 acres, 25 buildings
• Year Built: 1907, modifications throughout operational history; major additions in 1920s, 1930s, 1950s
• Materials: Steel framing with concrete, brick, tile, corrugated metal, glass
• Original Power Source: electricity – generated on site with coal and steam
Underground Mine Details:
• Extent: 13 miles by 5 miles – all interconnected
• Depth: Roughly 200 feet to 755 feet
• Height of underground rooms: Commonly 100-150 feet; maximum 300 feet
• Underground railroad track: 300 miles
• Current Condition: Totally filled with water (now local drinking water supply)
Air Compressors
Originally, the powerhouse held three giant, steam-powered air compressors. These were replaced in the 1930s with four large electric-powered compressors. The compressors generated high-pressured air used to power pneumatic equipment such as the underground rock drills and some loading shovels. One of these pieces of equipment, the pneumatic drill, revolutionized production drilling in the mining industry. Earlier miners drilled blast holes with hammers and hand-held drills. With a pneumatic drill, miners could punch in several times as many holes in a shift, greatly increasing ore production. After the holes were drilled in the ore-rock, they were filled with explosives then detonated, breaking the ore, which was then ready for loading into ore cars.
Air Compressors
Originally, the powerhouse held three giant, steam-powered air compressors. These were replaced in the 1930s with four large electric-powered compressors. The compressors generated high-pressured air used to power pneumatic equipment such as the underground rock drills and some loading shovels. One of these pieces of equipment, the pneumatic drill, revolutionized production drilling in the mining industry. Earlier miners drilled blast holes with hammers and hand-held drills. With a pneumatic drill, miners could punch in several times as many holes in a shift, greatly increasing ore production. After the holes were drilled in the ore-rock, they were filled with explosives then detonated, breaking the ore, which was then ready for loading into ore cars.
Equipment and Technology
The St. Joseph Lead Company rose to dominance over its competitors partly because of its innovations in underground engineering technology and the development and use of mechanical equipment. In each step of the mining and concentrating process, workers operated power tools and heavy machinery to efficiently drill, blast, load, haul, hoist, crush, concentrate and smelt the lead ore. One piece of machinery in particular, the St. Joe Shovel, directly contributed to the company’s success. Beginning in 1922, company machinists began altering their Thew Company shovels to meet their specific needs; the result was the St. Joe Shovel. Over a period of several years, 52 of the proprietary electric shovels were built and put into use. The St. Joe Shovel could rotate 360 degrees, required only seven feet of headroom and allowed workers to load as many as 80 to 100 2.7-ton cars in an 8-hour shift.
Equipment and Technology
The St. Joseph Lead Company rose to dominance over its competitors partly because of its innovations in underground engineering technology and the development and use of mechanical equipment. In each step of the mining and concentrating process, workers operated power tools and heavy machinery to efficiently drill, blast, load, haul, hoist, crush, concentrate and smelt the lead ore. One piece of machinery in particular, the St. Joe Shovel, directly contributed to the company’s success. Beginning in 1922, company machinists began altering their Thew Company shovels to meet their specific needs; the result was the St. Joe Shovel. Over a period of several years, 52 of the proprietary electric shovels were built and put into use. The St. Joe Shovel could rotate 360 degrees, required only seven feet of headroom and allowed workers to load as many as 80 to 100 2.7-ton cars in an 8-hour shift.
Gatehouse
The Gatehouse, situated at the mineyard entry point, controlled access to the mine-mill compound. It was built in two stages. The front (south) half, thought to be an original 1907 part of the mill complex, also functioned as the payroll office when workers received their checks as they left for home on paydays. The pay windows are still in place. The back (north) half of the building was added much later, originally as a scale house for the platform scale on the west side of the building. At one time, the back half of the building also served as a small employee store where workers could purchase personal work gear and snacks.
Gatehouse
The Gatehouse, situated at the mineyard entry point, controlled access to the mine-mill compound. It was built in two stages. The front (south) half, thought to be an original 1907 part of the mill complex, also functioned as the payroll office when workers received their checks as they left for home on paydays. The pay windows are still in place. The back (north) half of the building was added much later, originally as a scale house for the platform scale on the west side of the building. At one time, the back half of the building also served as a small employee store where workers could purchase personal work gear and snacks.
Machine Shop
In 1907, Federal Lead constructed the machine shop, then in the 1930s St. Joseph Lead Company built an addition. Here, welders, blacksmiths and machinists made parts, built custom machinery, and repaired mining and milling equipment. There were machine shops at most of the area mine-mill complexes and underground shops in the mines. The machinists at the St. Joseph Company custom built more than 35 speeders, used for quick transportation of staff within the mine. This speeder traveled 15 to 20 mph and, unlike earlier models, it has hydraulic rather than hand brakes.
Machine Shop
In 1907, Federal Lead constructed the machine shop, then in the 1930s St. Joseph Lead Company built an addition. Here, welders, blacksmiths and machinists made parts, built custom machinery, and repaired mining and milling equipment. There were machine shops at most of the area mine-mill complexes and underground shops in the mines. The machinists at the St. Joseph Company custom built more than 35 speeders, used for quick transportation of staff within the mine. This speeder traveled 15 to 20 mph and, unlike earlier models, it has hydraulic rather than hand brakes.
Powerhouse, 1907
In 1907, the Federal Lead Company built this coal-burning, steam powerplant to generate power for the mill, as well as area mines and communities. Coal from Southern Illinois heated water in boilers to make high-pressure steam. The steam was then used to generate electricity and power large air compressors. In the 1930s, the St. Joseph Lead Company the owner at that time, decided to get out of the power business and contracted with Union Electric (now Ameren UE) to purchase large amounts of electricity over extended time. To meet this major demand, UE built Bagnell Dam and the hydroelectric plant at Lake of the Ozarks. After decommissioning the original plant, St. Joe removed the old equipment and converted much of this structure into employee locker and shower rooms. Today, the Powerhouse Museum galleries retain some compressors, showers and lockers, and showcase historic underground mining machinery, mining exhibits and a worldwide mineral collection.
Powerhouse, 1907
In 1907, the Federal Lead Company built this coal-burning, steam powerplant to generate power for the mill, as well as area mines and communities. Coal from Southern Illinois heated water in boilers to make high-pressure steam. The steam was then used to generate electricity and power large air compressors. In the 1930s, the St. Joseph Lead Company the owner at that time, decided to get out of the power business and contracted with Union Electric (now Ameren UE) to purchase large amounts of electricity over extended time. To meet this major demand, UE built Bagnell Dam and the hydroelectric plant at Lake of the Ozarks. After decommissioning the original plant, St. Joe removed the old equipment and converted much of this structure into employee locker and shower rooms. Today, the Powerhouse Museum galleries retain some compressors, showers and lockers, and showcase historic underground mining machinery, mining exhibits and a worldwide mineral collection.
Safety Sign
This safety sign served as a visible tally of workplace accidents. A green light indicated no accidents; a yellow light indicated an accident but with no lost time; and a red light indicated a lost time accident. As in all heavy industry occupations, workers in the fields of ore mining and mineral concentration often worked in potentially hazardous situations. Miners and mill workers here were frequently exposed to heavy materials, explosives, moving machinery and dust. As a result, accidents and job injuries were common. While most were minor, there were also major injuries, and some were fatal. From the very beginning, St. Joseph Lead and the other Lead Belt companies had meaningful safety programs and provided serious safety training for all their employees. They won many regional and national safety awards and have safety records envied by the entire mining industry.
Safety Sign
This safety sign served as a visible tally of workplace accidents. A green light indicated no accidents; a yellow light indicated an accident but with no lost time; and a red light indicated a lost time accident. As in all heavy industry occupations, workers in the fields of ore mining and mineral concentration often worked in potentially hazardous situations. Miners and mill workers here were frequently exposed to heavy materials, explosives, moving machinery and dust. As a result, accidents and job injuries were common. While most were minor, there were also major injuries, and some were fatal. From the very beginning, St. Joseph Lead and the other Lead Belt companies had meaningful safety programs and provided serious safety training for all their employees. They won many regional and national safety awards and have safety records envied by the entire mining industry.
Secondary Crushing, Step 5
The secondary crushers were in the building immediately next to the headframe-primary crusher. Here, in a series of steps, a host of gyratory and roller crushers further reduced the ore to about 3/4-inch. The ore was then moved up the two, long, covered conveyors to the mill.
Secondary Crushing, Step 5
The secondary crushers were in the building immediately next to the headframe-primary crusher. Here, in a series of steps, a host of gyratory and roller crushers further reduced the ore to about 3/4-inch. The ore was then moved up the two, long, covered conveyors to the mill.
Thickening, Step 11
Thickener tanks, using the principle of sedimentation, thicken slurries – liquids with suspended solids. The slurry was pumped into the upper center of the tank at a rate engineered to keep the tank filled to the top edge. The suspended rock or mineral particles settled to the bottom of the tank; the clearer water at the top overflowed the tank. A revolving rake pushed thickened slurry to an outlet at the bottom center of the tank. The complex has 5 thickener tanks. Two small ones by the filter-dryer building thickened concentrate before drying. The two larger tanks seen here thickened slurries as an intermediate step between milling processes. And the largest tank thickened floatation tailings, called slimes. The thickened slimes were pumped into the tailings pond; after the rock material settled out, the clear water was pumped into a large lake south of the complex for reuse. The lake – now removed – was a popular swimming and fishing destination.
Thickening, Step 11
Thickener tanks, using the principle of sedimentation, thicken slurries – liquids with suspended solids. The slurry was pumped into the upper center of the tank at a rate engineered to keep the tank filled to the top edge. The suspended rock or mineral particles settled to the bottom of the tank; the clearer water at the top overflowed the tank. A revolving rake pushed thickened slurry to an outlet at the bottom center of the tank. The complex has 5 thickener tanks. Two small ones by the filter-dryer building thickened concentrate before drying. The two larger tanks seen here thickened slurries as an intermediate step between milling processes. And the largest tank thickened floatation tailings, called slimes. The thickened slimes were pumped into the tailings pond; after the rock material settled out, the clear water was pumped into a large lake south of the complex for reuse. The lake – now removed – was a popular swimming and fishing destination.
Thrombolite
This large rock, called a thrombolite, is a fossil colony of cyanobacteria – a geologic relic from a time when ancient seas covered most of Missouri. The cyanobacteria lived in coastal, tidal flat areas and formed big algae-like clumps. The soft, gooey masses collected rock grains and lime from the seawater and eventually hardened into large, round, limestone masses. They were buried in sediments and became part of the sedimentary rock sequence. In the Old Lead Belt, the giant thrombolites occur prominently in one particular sedimentary rock layer. Early geologists named it the Marble Boulder Bed. It was helpful in prospecting for lead deposits – the rock layers that might contain ores were about 100 feet below.
Thrombolite
This large rock, called a thrombolite, is a fossil colony of cyanobacteria – a geologic relic from a time when ancient seas covered most of Missouri. The cyanobacteria lived in coastal, tidal flat areas and formed big algae-like clumps. The soft, gooey masses collected rock grains and lime from the seawater and eventually hardened into large, round, limestone masses. They were buried in sediments and became part of the sedimentary rock sequence. In the Old Lead Belt, the giant thrombolites occur prominently in one particular sedimentary rock layer. Early geologists named it the Marble Boulder Bed. It was helpful in prospecting for lead deposits – the rock layers that might contain ores were about 100 feet below.
Water Tower and Pump House
The ore concentration process consumes a large amount of water, making it important for mining facilities to have a reliable source. This was not a problem here. The mines, all below the local water table, were constantly pumped to remove enormous volumes of groundwater, negate flooding and allow for mining. The company drilled holes into the ground and installed large pumps, located in the pump house, to bring groundwater to the surface. This was just one of many pumping operations in the district; pumping was a major cost of area mining. Most of the water from this pump house, as well as additional water from a clear water lake just south of the mine complex, was used directly for ore processing. Excess water was stored in the water tower and about half of this was kept in reserve, designated for fire suppression if required.
Water Tower and Pump House
The ore concentration process consumes a large amount of water, making it important for mining facilities to have a reliable source. This was not a problem here. The mines, all below the local water table, were constantly pumped to remove enormous volumes of groundwater, negate flooding and allow for mining. The company drilled holes into the ground and installed large pumps, located in the pump house, to bring groundwater to the surface. This was just one of many pumping operations in the district; pumping was a major cost of area mining. Most of the water from this pump house, as well as additional water from a clear water lake just south of the mine complex, was used directly for ore processing. Excess water was stored in the water tower and about half of this was kept in reserve, designated for fire suppression if required.
Chemical Concentration, Step 9
The St. Joseph Lead Company also used a chemical process called froth floatation to concentrate lead ore. Undersize particles from the ball mills and middlings from the shaker tables went into rod mills for further, finer crushing. A rod mill is like a ball mill – a large revolving drum – but it contains iron rods not balls; the tumbling of the rods ground the ore to very fine, powder-size particles. After thickening, this pulp was moved to the floatation tanks. In froth floatation, chemicals were added to the pulp, and it was constantly agitated to form a froth. Galena particles attached to the chemical froth, floated to the top of the tank and overflowed, while rock particles settled to the bottom and were drawn off. The froth, which contained the galena, was sent to the filter-dryer building. The wet, powder-size waste – called slimes – was thickened then pumped to the tailings pond.
Chemical Concentration, Step 9
The St. Joseph Lead Company also used a chemical process called froth floatation to concentrate lead ore. Undersize particles from the ball mills and middlings from the shaker tables went into rod mills for further, finer crushing. A rod mill is like a ball mill – a large revolving drum – but it contains iron rods not balls; the tumbling of the rods ground the ore to very fine, powder-size particles. After thickening, this pulp was moved to the floatation tanks. In froth floatation, chemicals were added to the pulp, and it was constantly agitated to form a froth. Galena particles attached to the chemical froth, floated to the top of the tank and overflowed, while rock particles settled to the bottom and were drawn off. The froth, which contained the galena, was sent to the filter-dryer building. The wet, powder-size waste – called slimes – was thickened then pumped to the tailings pond.
Conveyors, Step 6
Located between the secondary crushers and the mill, these two inclined, covered conveyors transported crushed ore to very large ore bins. The bins extended the entire length of the mill building. The conveyors were built at two separate times. The north (back) conveyor is an original 1907 part of Federal Mill No. 3. The south (front) conveyor was added in the 1950s.
Conveyors, Step 6
Located between the secondary crushers and the mill, these two inclined, covered conveyors transported crushed ore to very large ore bins. The bins extended the entire length of the mill building. The conveyors were built at two separate times. The north (back) conveyor is an original 1907 part of Federal Mill No. 3. The south (front) conveyor was added in the 1950s.
Diamond Core Drill Exploration
Early mining in the Old Lead Belt focused on deposits at the surface or just below. Starting in 1869, the St. Joseph Lead Company began using diamond core drills to explore for deeper ore deposits. Diamond drills were new to America and St. Joe is credited with being the first U.S. company to use diamond core drilling to explore for metal ore deposits in the subsurface. Diamond-drill bits are short metal cylinders with industrial diamonds imbedded on one end. As the drill turns and cuts into rock, a core is captured inside the hollow drill rod. Cores are examined to determine rock type and character, and to directly evaluate or test any ore minerals present. Early diamond core drills were wagon-mounted and steam-powered; this is a truck-mounted, diesel-powered diamond drill rig. Thousands of miles of core holes have been drilled to locate our lead ore deposits. Video footage courtesy of the State Historical Society of Missouri.
Diamond Core Drill Exploration
Early mining in the Old Lead Belt focused on deposits at the surface or just below. Starting in 1869, the St. Joseph Lead Company began using diamond core drills to explore for deeper ore deposits. Diamond drills were new to America and St. Joe is credited with being the first U.S. company to use diamond core drilling to explore for metal ore deposits in the subsurface. Diamond-drill bits are short metal cylinders with industrial diamonds imbedded on one end. As the drill turns and cuts into rock, a core is captured inside the hollow drill rod. Cores are examined to determine rock type and character, and to directly evaluate or test any ore minerals present. Early diamond core drills were wagon-mounted and steam-powered; this is a truck-mounted, diesel-powered diamond drill rig. Thousands of miles of core holes have been drilled to locate our lead ore deposits. Video footage courtesy of the State Historical Society of Missouri.
Early Mining Equipment
In the early 1800s, prospectors and miners came to the area searching for valuable mineral deposits. Early mining methods relied on human and animal power and simple tools. Miners primarily used handpicks, shovels and hammers to recover and concentrate large masses of ore before smelting. Ore was taken from surface diggings and also from shallow mine pits using a windlass and bucket to hoist it aboveground. As surface ores were depleted, mines were extended deeper, and technology advanced to accommodate the new demands. As underground mine networks grew larger, miners brought in mules to pull ore cars, like this simple, company-built, one-ton car. Dozens of mules lived and worked in the Lead Belt mines, some for as long as 20 years. Loading and haulage machinery did most of the work by the 1920s, but the St. Joe Company still had some mules working in the mines until the 1950s. Video footage courtesy of the State Historical Society of Missouri.
Early Mining Equipment
In the early 1800s, prospectors and miners came to the area searching for valuable mineral deposits. Early mining methods relied on human and animal power and simple tools. Miners primarily used handpicks, shovels and hammers to recover and concentrate large masses of ore before smelting. Ore was taken from surface diggings and also from shallow mine pits using a windlass and bucket to hoist it aboveground. As surface ores were depleted, mines were extended deeper, and technology advanced to accommodate the new demands. As underground mine networks grew larger, miners brought in mules to pull ore cars, like this simple, company-built, one-ton car. Dozens of mules lived and worked in the Lead Belt mines, some for as long as 20 years. Loading and haulage machinery did most of the work by the 1920s, but the St. Joe Company still had some mules working in the mines until the 1950s. Video footage courtesy of the State Historical Society of Missouri.
Exploration and Extraction, Step 3
Before any mining begins, exploration is required to identify potential ore deposits, often hundreds of feet down in the earth. This is done from the surface: scores of diamond-core-drill holes probe the underground, providing samples that help locate and outline ore bodies. If the decision is made to proceed, a shaft is sunk, and crews of miners go underground to open haulage drifts and mine ore. Drilling, blasting, loading, hauling and hoisting are the jobs of mining. In the early days, these tasks were done by hand, using simple tools. After mechanization, about 1920, miners drilled holes in the rock with pneumatic drills, loaded the holes with dynamite and detonated it to break the rock. Electric shovels loaded the ore into ore cars. Large electric locomotives hauled the cars through the mine to the shaft. Here the ore was weighed, dumped into an ore skip and hoisted to the surface.
Exploration and Extraction, Step 3
Before any mining begins, exploration is required to identify potential ore deposits, often hundreds of feet down in the earth. This is done from the surface: scores of diamond-core-drill holes probe the underground, providing samples that help locate and outline ore bodies. If the decision is made to proceed, a shaft is sunk, and crews of miners go underground to open haulage drifts and mine ore. Drilling, blasting, loading, hauling and hoisting are the jobs of mining. In the early days, these tasks were done by hand, using simple tools. After mechanization, about 1920, miners drilled holes in the rock with pneumatic drills, loaded the holes with dynamite and detonated it to break the rock. Electric shovels loaded the ore into ore cars. Large electric locomotives hauled the cars through the mine to the shaft. Here the ore was weighed, dumped into an ore skip and hoisted to the surface.
Filter and Drying, Step 10
After concentration, there was one final step in processing, dewatering. First, much of the water was removed from the concentrate slurry in the two small thickener tanks located on the south side of the Filter-Dryer building. Inside the building, the vacuum filters removed more water, and finally, the rotary drying kilns evaporated any remaining moisture. The dry concentrate was lighter and easier to handle and transport. After drying, the concentrate was held in a storage bin until it was loaded into rail cars, then transported to the smelter in Herculaneum. At the smelter, the galena concentrate was subjected to high temperature under certain conditions, driving the sulfur off, resulting in a pure lead metal end product.
Filter and Drying, Step 10
After concentration, there was one final step in processing, dewatering. First, much of the water was removed from the concentrate slurry in the two small thickener tanks located on the south side of the Filter-Dryer building. Inside the building, the vacuum filters removed more water, and finally, the rotary drying kilns evaporated any remaining moisture. The dry concentrate was lighter and easier to handle and transport. After drying, the concentrate was held in a storage bin until it was loaded into rail cars, then transported to the smelter in Herculaneum. At the smelter, the galena concentrate was subjected to high temperature under certain conditions, driving the sulfur off, resulting in a pure lead metal end product.
Gravity Concentration, Step 8
The St. Joseph Lead Co. used shaker tables as one method of concentrating lead ore. Shaker tables work on the principle of specific gravity. They have a large tilted deck and the upper surface is covered with riffles, or ribs. As sand-size ore particles and water are flushed over the rapidly vibrating table, the dense galena particles are caught behind the riffles and carried off to one side, as lead concentrate. The lighter rock particles skip over the riffles and off another side, now tailings. In between are the middlings – particles that are part galena, part rock. The lead concentrates are dewatered and sent to the smelter, while the middlings go back for further processing. Most of the sand-size tailings, called chat, was sold for agricultural lime or aggregate. The excess was conveyored into monstrous piles, reaching 300 ft. high, or created large sand flats, as seen in parts of St. Joe State Park.
Gravity Concentration, Step 8
The St. Joseph Lead Co. used shaker tables as one method of concentrating lead ore. Shaker tables work on the principle of specific gravity. They have a large tilted deck and the upper surface is covered with riffles, or ribs. As sand-size ore particles and water are flushed over the rapidly vibrating table, the dense galena particles are caught behind the riffles and carried off to one side, as lead concentrate. The lighter rock particles skip over the riffles and off another side, now tailings. In between are the middlings – particles that are part galena, part rock. The lead concentrates are dewatered and sent to the smelter, while the middlings go back for further processing. Most of the sand-size tailings, called chat, was sold for agricultural lime or aggregate. The excess was conveyored into monstrous piles, reaching 300 ft. high, or created large sand flats, as seen in parts of St. Joe State Park.
Headframe and Shaft, Step 1
The headframe stands directly above the mine shaft and is the signature structure of a mine. The shaft is the entry into the mine: workers travel down and up the shaft; equipment was lowered and ore brought up through the shaft. St. Joseph Lead Company Shaft No. 17 is 500-feet deep and one of about 20 main shafts in the district. It was raised in 1923 from existing underground mine workings, to make hauling and hoisting more efficient. The headframe’s operating equipment included a man cage, or elevator “car", and two ore skips, attached to cables that go over large sheave, or pulley, wheels at the top of the headframe (now removed) and on to the mechanical hoist in the adjacent hoist house. At the beginning of each shift, miners gathered here waiting to be lowered to their subsurface workplaces. Ore hoisted to the surface at the headframe next went to the crushers.
Headframe and Shaft, Step 1
The headframe stands directly above the mine shaft and is the signature structure of a mine. The shaft is the entry into the mine: workers travel down and up the shaft; equipment was lowered and ore brought up through the shaft. St. Joseph Lead Company Shaft No. 17 is 500-feet deep and one of about 20 main shafts in the district. It was raised in 1923 from existing underground mine workings, to make hauling and hoisting more efficient. The headframe’s operating equipment included a man cage, or elevator “car”, and two ore skips, attached to cables that go over large sheave, or pulley, wheels at the top of the headframe (now removed) and on to the mechanical hoist in the adjacent hoist house. At the beginning of each shift, miners gathered here waiting to be lowered to their subsurface workplaces. Ore hoisted to the surface at the headframe next went to the crushers.
Hoist House, Step 2
The St. Joseph Lead Company built this structure in 1923 to house the mechanical hoist that raised and lowered the mineshaft man cages and ore skips. The hoist lifted the ore skips at a speed of about 15 miles per hour, or 22 feet per second. The hoistman position is one of the most responsible jobs at any mine. Because he could not see the cage and skips when they were down in the shaft, all of his actions were based on bell signals sent to him by the workers below. Any errors could result in injury, death or serious damage to equipment. The job required absolute concentration, so everyone knew not to distract the hoistman.
Hoist House, Step 2
The St. Joseph Lead Company built this structure in 1923 to house the mechanical hoist that raised and lowered the mineshaft man cages and ore skips. The hoist lifted the ore skips at a speed of about 15 miles per hour, or 22 feet per second. The hoistman position is one of the most responsible jobs at any mine. Because he could not see the cage and skips when they were down in the shaft, all of his actions were based on bell signals sent to him by the workers below. Any errors could result in injury, death or serious damage to equipment. The job required absolute concentration, so everyone knew not to distract the hoistman.
Lead Ore
Ore is a natural rock material that contains valuable minerals that can be mined at a profit. The ore here contains a significant amount (about 3.5%) of the mineral galena, a compound made of the elements lead and sulfur. After mining, the galena is separated from the host rock and other minerals through the concentration process. Humans have mined lead for centuries because it is a durable and versatile metal. Lead is used in its pure metallic form or in compounds with other elements. Important historic uses include: plates in lead-acid batteries, lead pipe and sheeting, in solder and bullets, and in pewter dinnerware, paints and gasoline additives. Since ancient times we have known of the toxicity of lead. Lead poisoning may occur when certain lead compounds are inhaled, ingested or used topically; it generally results from a buildup over time rather than a single exposure.
Lead Ore
Ore is a natural rock material that contains valuable minerals that can be mined at a profit. The ore here contains a significant amount (about 3.5%) of the mineral galena, a compound made of the elements lead and sulfur. After mining, the galena is separated from the host rock and other minerals through the concentration process. Humans have mined lead for centuries because it is a durable and versatile metal. Lead is used in its pure metallic form or in compounds with other elements. Important historic uses include: plates in lead-acid batteries, lead pipe and sheeting, in solder and bullets, and in pewter dinnerware, paints and gasoline additives. Since ancient times we have known of the toxicity of lead. Lead poisoning may occur when certain lead compounds are inhaled, ingested or used topically; it generally results from a buildup over time rather than a single exposure.
Milling, Step 7
From the ore bin at the top of the mill building, ore was mixed with water and the pulp went into a number of ball mills for further crushing. A ball mill is a revolving drum that contains iron balls; the tumbling balls collided with the ore and crushed it to sand-size pieces. The sand-size particles were moved to the shaker tables for gravity concentration. In 1961, the St. Joseph Lead Company abandoned the gravity separation process at this mill. After that date, all ore was separated using only chemical concentration.
Milling, Step 7
From the ore bin at the top of the mill building, ore was mixed with water and the pulp went into a number of ball mills for further crushing. A ball mill is a revolving drum that contains iron balls; the tumbling balls collided with the ore and crushed it to sand-size pieces. The sand-size particles were moved to the shaker tables for gravity concentration. In 1961, the St. Joseph Lead Company abandoned the gravity separation process at this mill. After that date, all ore was separated using only chemical concentration.
Mining Communities
Corporate mining in the Old Lead Belt created both positive and negative impacts that affected the natural, social and economic landscape. Many workers were required to extract, concentrate and smelt the ore; peak workforce was 4,500 employees. Mining was hard work with potential hazards, but the industry paid well. This attracted many individuals and families who settled in local communities. The early 1900s brought a large influx of Eastern European workers. In 1917, at the beginning of World War I, the district suffered a serious ethnic discrimination event where local miners forced many immigrants out of their homes and the area. Over the course of a century, local communities have built their houses, families and businesses amongst the waste-rock tailings from the mills. Residual lead and other metal-ore minerals have resulted in extensive environmental cleanup projects. Mining ceased in 1972 and job opportunities moved. The once-thriving communities diminished, but environmental cleanup continues. Video footage courtesy of the State Historical Society of Missouri.
Mining Communities
Corporate mining in the Old Lead Belt created both positive and negative impacts that affected the natural, social and economic landscape. Many workers were required to extract, concentrate and smelt the ore; peak workforce was 4,500 employees. Mining was hard work with potential hazards, but the industry paid well. This attracted many individuals and families who settled in local communities. The early 1900s brought a large influx of Eastern European workers. In 1917, at the beginning of World War I, the district suffered a serious ethnic discrimination event where local miners forced many immigrants out of their homes and the area. Over the course of a century, local communities have built their houses, families and businesses amongst the waste-rock tailings from the mills. Residual lead and other metal-ore minerals have resulted in extensive environmental cleanup projects. Mining ceased in 1972 and job opportunities moved. The once-thriving communities diminished, but environmental cleanup continues. Video footage courtesy of the State Historical Society of Missouri.
Missouri Minerals
Missouri hosts a variety of mineral deposits that have contributed greatly to the state’s economy. Major zinc and lead ores were produced in southwest Missouri. Barite (locally called “tiff”), has been mined in East Central and Central Missouri. Iron ores, along with granite and volcanic rock, were mined in Southeast Missouri. East Central Missouri has important fire clay; also, pure sandstone, used for glass manufacturing. In Northern and West Central Missouri, we mined coal, mostly for power generation and common clay, for construction brick and tile. There are limestone quarries in every Missouri county; important producers of limestone products, lime and cement, are located all along the Mississippi River and in our larger cities. The lead deposits here in Southeast Missouri are the state’s most important metallic deposits, producing world-significant lead ore, as well as by-product zinc, copper, silver, cobalt and nickel. The Old Lead Belt produced ores that, when smelted, made 8,509,000 tons of lead metal!
Missouri Minerals
Missouri hosts a variety of mineral deposits that have contributed greatly to the state’s economy. Major zinc and lead ores were produced in southwest Missouri. Barite (locally called “tiff”), has been mined in East Central and Central Missouri. Iron ores, along with granite and volcanic rock, were mined in Southeast Missouri. East Central Missouri has important fire clay; also, pure sandstone, used for glass manufacturing. In Northern and West Central Missouri, we mined coal, mostly for power generation and common clay, for construction brick and tile. There are limestone quarries in every Missouri county; important producers of limestone products, lime and cement, are located all along the Mississippi River and in our larger cities. The lead deposits here in Southeast Missouri are the state’s most important metallic deposits, producing world-significant lead ore, as well as by-product zinc, copper, silver, cobalt and nickel. The Old Lead Belt produced ores that, when smelted, made 8,509,000 tons of lead metal!
Primary Crushing, Step 4
The building directly under the headframe is the primary crusher. Here, four large gyratory cone crushers broke large masses of ore down to about 5-inches in size. The broken ore fragments fell onto a short conveyor that delivered them to the secondary crushers.
Primary Crushing, Step 4
The building directly under the headframe is the primary crusher. Here, four large gyratory cone crushers broke large masses of ore down to about 5-inches in size. The broken ore fragments fell onto a short conveyor that delivered them to the secondary crushers.
Regional Setting and First Mining
The Old Lead Belt is one of four parts of the larger Southeast Missouri Lead District, the premier lead mining district of the United States for the last 100-plus years. The sub-districts are nearly identical in rock and mineral composition, essentially parts of one huge ore deposit. The four sub-districts are the Viburnum Trend, active 1960 to present; Indian Creek, 1953 to 1982; the Old Lead Belt, 1864 to 1972; and Fredericktown-Mine Lamotte, 1720 to 1961. Southeast Missouri lead deposits were known to Native Americans and early French explorers by the 1690s, but serious mining began about 1720 when the King of France granted a mining charter to the Mississippi Company. About 200 experienced French miners along with a number of enslaved, Black workers – some of the earliest brought into the area – mined, smelted and shipped lead metal back to France.
Regional Setting and First Mining
The Old Lead Belt is one of four parts of the larger Southeast Missouri Lead District, the premier lead mining district of the United States for the last 100-plus years. The sub-districts are nearly identical in rock and mineral composition, essentially parts of one huge ore deposit. The four sub-districts are the Viburnum Trend, active 1960 to present; Indian Creek, 1953 to 1982; the Old Lead Belt, 1864 to 1972; and Fredericktown-Mine Lamotte, 1720 to 1961. Southeast Missouri lead deposits were known to Native Americans and early French explorers by the 1690s, but serious mining began about 1720 when the King of France granted a mining charter to the Mississippi Company. About 200 experienced French miners along with a number of enslaved, Black workers – some of the earliest brought into the area – mined, smelted and shipped lead metal back to France.
Site History
Corporate mining in this area of the Eastern Ozarks known as the Old Lead Belt was initiated by the St. Joseph Lead Company. Incorporated in New York in 1864, they purchased mineral lands in Bonne Terre and began mining that same year. By 1900 there were five other major and several smaller companies, with thousands of workers engaged in lead mining. The Federal Lead Company built this concentrating mill in 1907. That same year, Missouri became the major lead-producing state in the nation. In 1923 the St. Joe Company purchased all the Federal Lead properties; almost immediately they raised this mine shaft (No. 17) and expanded the lead mill to become the largest in the world. By the mid-1930s St. Joe had acquired all its competitors and became the sole producer in the district. The Federal mine-mill complex remained in operation until 1972. Three years after closing, St. Joe donated 8,244 acres of mineral land to Missouri State Parks; in 1976 they opened St. Joe State Park. In 1980 the mine-mill site was separated off to form Missouri Mines State Historic Site, and in 1988 the historic site was dedicated and opened to the public.
Site History
Corporate mining in this area of the Eastern Ozarks known as the Old Lead Belt was initiated by the St. Joseph Lead Company. Incorporated in New York in 1864, they purchased mineral lands in Bonne Terre and began mining that same year. By 1900 there were five other major and several smaller companies, with thousands of workers engaged in lead mining. The Federal Lead Company built this concentrating mill in 1907. That same year, Missouri became the major lead-producing state in the nation. In 1923 the St. Joe Company purchased all the Federal Lead properties; almost immediately they raised this mine shaft (No. 17) and expanded the lead mill to become the largest in the world. By the mid-1930s St. Joe had acquired all its competitors and became the sole producer in the district. The Federal mine-mill complex remained in operation until 1972. Three years after closing, St. Joe donated 8,244 acres of mineral land to Missouri State Parks; in 1976 they opened St. Joe State Park. In 1980 the mine-mill site was separated off to form Missouri Mines State Historic Site, and in 1988 the historic site was dedicated and opened to the public.
NOTICE!
Guests are only allowed inside of the Gatehouse and Powerhouse Museum, and no other buildings. So please enjoy the virtual view!
NOTICE!
Mine access is not available at Missouri Mines State Historic Site. Mine image is of the Bonne Terre Mine and access courtesy of West End Diving.
NOTICE!
Guests are only allowed inside of the Gatehouse and Powerhouse Museum, and no other buildings. So please enjoy the virtual view!
NOTICE!
Mine access is not available at Missouri Mines State Historic Site. Mine image is of the Bonne Terre Mine and access courtesy of West End Diving.